N. O. TILUOE*. 
213 
Vern. : — Phirsd dhamani (H. and B.) ; Dharnan- Karkani 
(Bomb;; Olat (Santal); Khesla, kasul (Gond) ; Thada, tharra 
(Tam.) ; Cliarachi, tharrah, Udupai, tada (Tel.) ; Thadsal, dadsal, 
batala, butale (Kan.) 
Habitat : — Hot dry forests throughout Western India, as- 
cending 4,000 feet in the Himalaya. Western Peninsula, Burma, 
Ceylon low country. 
A large deciduous tree, with cinereous exfoliating bark. 
Leaves ovate, sometimes rhomboidal or 3-lobed, obliquely cor- 
date, acute or obtuse, acuminate at apex, bluntly crenate-serrate, 
sparsely stellate-pubescent or glabrous above, stellate-tomentose, 
often white beneath, stellate-pubescent on the nerves ; basal 
nerves 5 ; blade 2-5iin. by l-4in., petiole $-lin. long; stipules 
fin. long, leafy falcate, veined and auricled, deciduous. 
Flowers small, in axillary umbels ; peduncles |-lin. long, 
axillary, 3-8 fascicled, 3-flowered; pedicels shorter than the 
peduncles ; buds ovoid, grey-tomentose, 5-ribbed ; bracteoles 
linear-lanceolate. Sepals linear-ovate, |in. long, glabrous, 
white tomeuitose outside and yellowish within. Petals ovate, 
emarginate, yellow, turning purple, much shorter than the 
sepals ; basal gland green and densely white-villous on the 
margins and often more than \ the length of the petal. 
Torus short-ribbed, glabrous, obscurely-toothed and hairy 
at top. Stamens, with purple filaments and yellow anthers. 
Ovary globose, villous ; style longer than the stamens ; 
stigma peltate, irregularly 5-lobed. Drupe 2-4 lobed, but not 
deeply, of tne size of a pea, black ; lobes several-seeded. 
The fruit is said to be eaten (Trimen). 
Parts used : — The bark and wood. 
Uses : — In the Konkan the bark, after removal of the tuber, 
is rubbed down with water, and the thick mucilage strained 
from it and given in 5-tola doses, with 2 tolas of the flour of 
Panicum miliaceum (warri) as a remedy for dysentery 
(Dymock). 
The bark is also employed externally to remove the irrita- 
tion from cow-itch. 
