262 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
cylindric ; leaflets quite entire, 5-12in. oblong, elliptic-oblong, 
lanceolate or oblanceolate, tip rounded, acute or acuminate, 
shortly petioled ; nerves very faint, spreading. Cymes panicled 
or subracemose, short, shortly peduncled, few-flowered. Flowers 
about fin. diam., very fragrant, white. Calyx cup-shaped, 
entire or irregularly 4-6-lobed, with the margin truncate. 
Petals 4, fleshy (4-5, says Brandis), recurved, imbricate. 
Stamens 8-10, filaments sometimes united almost to the top, 
subulate, inserted round a cupular disk. Ovary 2-4-celled, style 
stout, deciduous ; ovules 2, superposed in each cell. Berry 
oblong, yellow when ripe, size of a pigeon’s egg, rind smooth, 
thick, obscurely 3-lobed, pulp resinous, odoriferous. Seeds 1-3, 
pointed, ovoid ; cotyledons fleshy, albumen 0. 
Use : — The berries are used in preparing a perfumed medi- 
cinal oil (Kakkolaka), and are sold in the bazaars of Bengal 
under the name of Kakala ; they must not be confounded with 
Kshirakakkoli, a pseudo-bulb from Nepal, composed of from 8 
to 10 ovoid fleshy scales. Kakkola and Kshirakakkoli are 
chiefly of interest as being the only two constituents of the 
Ashta-varga or ‘ group of eight medicines,’ which are known 
to the modern Hindus. The Sanskrit names of the other six 
plants are, Rishabha, Jivaka, Meda, Hahameda, Riddlii and 
Vriddhi. (Pharmacographia Indica, Vol I, 268). 
234. Paramignya monophylla, Wight., H. F. B. I., 
i. 510. 
Vern . : — Kurwi Waged ; Kari waged, ranyid (Bomb and Goa). 
Nat-Kanta (Nepal) ; Jhunok (Lepcha.) 
Habitat : — Sikkim, Himalaya, Bhotan ; Khasia Mountains ; 
Western Peninsula ; the Western Forests, from the Concan 
southward. 
A stout, climbing, evergreen, thorny shrub- Shoots densely 
pubescent, the older branches, with sharp recurved axillary 
spines fin. long. Bark white, corky, vertically cleft. Wood 
white, hard, close-grained. Leaves coriaceous, numerous, 2-4in-, 
