338 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
branches. Young branches puberulous. Leaves serrate, dark 
green and velvety above, pale and more felted beneath, £-lin., 
ovate to orbicular. Cymes under |in. Petals ovate, with convo- 
lute margins. Disk 10-lobed, with a pit opposite each lobe. 
Ovary 2-celled, styles 2, united to above the middle. Fruit fin. 
diam., globose, woody, black, 2-celled. Much used for fencing 
and for the sweet subacid fruit as food, especially in famine 
time. 
Use In the Punjab, the fruit is used in bilious affections ; 
and considered by the natives to be cool and astringent 
(Setwakt). 
289. Z. vulgaris, Lumk, h.f.b.i., i. 633, Roxb. 
204. 
Vera. : — Unnab (Arab). ; Sin j id-i-j ilani (Pers.) ; Titni-ber, 
kaudiari (H.). Sanjit (Pb); Unab (Bomb). 
Habitat : — The Punjab, extending to the Western Frontier 
from the Punjab Himalaya. Wild and cultivated, extending to 
Bengal, Kashmir, Baluchistan. The best fruit (Dried) comes 
from China and Japan, 
A large shrub or small tree, armed. Bark rough, with 
longitudinal furrows, dark grey. Wood pale, yellow-brown. 
Heartwood dark-brown, even grained. Stewart says this is the 
handsomest species, and that he has seen it as large as 5-6 ft. 
in girth and 25-30ft. high (Gamble). Rigid, spreading boughs 
and stiff branches, which are often unarmed. The whole 
plant is quite glabrous. Leaves f-2|in. sub-obliquely ovate, 
obtuse or sub-acute, crenate-serrate ; prickles usually gemmate, 
the straight one often over lin. long, stout. Flowers few, 
fascicled in the axils of the leaves. Petals cucullate. Disk thin, 
obscurely 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled. Styles 2, united to the 
middle. Fruit gin. diam., globose or oblong, esculewt, red and 
black, shining. 
Use . — Mir Muhammed Husain regards the dried fruits as 
a suppurative, expectorant, and purifier of the blood. The 
bark of the tree is used to clean wounds and sores. The gum 
