N. 0 . nilAMNEJTC. 
339 
in certain affections of the eyes, and the leaves when chewed, 
are said to destroy the power of the tongue to appreciate the 
taste of disagreeable medicines (Dymock). 
A syrup of the dried fruits is used in the Punjab for bron- 
chitis, 
200. Z. rucjosa , Lamk., h.f.b.l, i. 636. 
: — Z. glabra, Eoxb, 206. 
Vern. Suran, churan (Hindi) ; Dhaush (Oudh) ; Sekra 
(Santh.) ; Todali (Mai.) Mayanksi (Lower Burma.) ; Tabu, Mitha 
Tabu (Upper Burma). Toran, Churna (Bomb). 
Trimcn : — (Sinhalese), Maha-eraminiya, (Tamil) Churai. 
Habitat: — Eastern Himalaya, 2,000ft. Behar. Shan hills 
to 4000ft. Sub-Himalayan tract, from the Ganges eastward, 
ascending to 2,000ft. Burma, South India, Western Peninsula; 
Ceylon, moist low country to 2,000 ft ; common. 
A large, straggling or climbing bush, with long virgate 
branches, fulvous, tometose, when young. Leaves 2-3in., broadly 
oval or rotundate, unequal, sided, oblique at base, very short- 
acuminate, denticulate, glabrous above, densely fulvous tomen- 
tose, becoming glabrous beneath. Petiole fin., prickles usually 
solitary, numerous, strong, broad-based, recurved or nearly 
straight, heavy. Flowers greenish, very small, numerous, 
in tomentose, pedunculate cymes about 1 in., arranged 
along one side of short, usually leafless, lateral branches. 
Calyx hairy outside, lobes ovate. Petals O ; dark, 5- 
lobed ; styles 2, connate at base. Fruit small, *-Jin. Drupe 
edible, sweet, pinkish when ripe, pyriform globose, apiculate, 
smooth. Stone very thin, 1-celled, 1 seeded. 
Use : — The flowers, with an equal quantity of the petioles 
of the betel leaf and half as much lime, are given in 4-grain 
pills twice a day for menorrhagia (Dymook.) 
291. Rhamnus dahuricus, Pall,, h.f.b.i., 1.639. 
Syn . : — R. Virgatus, Roxb. 203. 
Vern. : — Chato, chedwala, chadua (II.); Tsapo, mail (Tibet); 
Spiti (Kumaon) ; Phipai, dadur tadru, setapajja, hangi, mamral, 
