N. 0. UMBELLIFER7E. 
623 
zerah), most probably imported ; (2) C. Bnlbocastanum, so- or shah-zerali ; 
(3) Vernonia anthelmintics, parbat-zernh ; and (4 ) Nigella sativa, kutu-zerah. 
The sample of black caraway was, however, not pure. Pure parcels were 
received f i om Yasin in Gilgit and from Hazara. From Kullu and Bashahr 
were furnished two qualities called “zira" and “ singhu.” The latter was 
stated to be an adulter, nt. “ Zira ” proved to be C. Bulbocastanum, and 
ultimately, through the assistance of Mr. J. H. Lace, then Assistant Inspector- 
General of Forests, the adulterant was recognised as Bupleurum faleatum. 
Mr. Lace found the people gathering the seeds in Cliamba ; he secured a 
sample and corresponding botanical specimen, so that his material became an 
authentic type with which to compare the adulterants of commercial parcels. 
It was in conseclueuee found that the Bupleurum was identical with tne 
adulterant sent from most parts of India. Mr. Lace says that Bupleurum is 
known locally as buuchak or bun leak, and that before it is mixed with the 
carum the fruits are coloured with a decoction of walnut bark. It is sold at 9 
seers to the rupee, the true article being very much more expensive- say 
3 seers to the rupee. Usually 5 seers of banehak are mixed with one seer 
of zira, The black caraway and its adulterant are therefore respectively 
the "zira" and "singhu" mentioned in the Pun 'ab Forest Administration 
Reports from 1894—1900 as obtained from the Kullu forests and sold, the 
former at Rs, 15 to Rs. 27J per mauud, the latter at Rs. 8. Sir Walter 
Lawrence says that the seeds of Daucus Carota are also used as an adulterant, 
bnt this canuot be done to any great extent since carrot-seed is not 
abundant and is also easily distinguishable from caraway, while the dyed 
Bupleurum can with difficulty bo separated. Sir George Watt's Commercial 
Products of India, pp. 283-284. 
572 . C. Roxburghianum, Benth, ilf . b . i ., ii . 682 . 
Syn . : — Apium involucratum, Roxb. 273. Ptychotis Roxbur- 
ghiana, DC. 
Sans. : — Ajmoda. 
Vern. : — AjmOda, ajmot (H.) ; Ajmudah, Ajmudah-ajvan 
(Dec.); Randhuni (C. P.) ; Asham, tagam, ashamta-oman (Tain.) ; 
Ajutnoda-voinan, ashmadaga voman, ajvtmoda vomaru (Tel.) ; 
Ajinfkl, randhuni, chanu (B.) ; Ajmoda-vova, koranza (Mar.); 
Ajmoda voma (Kan.); Ajmod, bodi-ajamo (Guz.). 
Habitat : — Extensively cultivated throughout India. 
C. B. Clarke says : — Probably a cultivated form of C. 
strictoearpum which it exactly resembles, except as to the fruit, 
which is tV to in., the part used by man, and therefore that 
which has varied under cultivation, This shows a wide differ- 
