N. 0. UMBELLIFER/E. 
627 
576 . Foenioulum vulgare, Gcevtn. h.f.b.i., ii. 695 . 
Syn. Anethum Panmorium, Eoxb. 272. 
Sana. : — Madhurika. 
Vern. : — Bari saunf, Soup (H.) ; Mauri (B.) ; Sohikire (Tam.) ; 
Wariaree (Guz.); Bari-shopha (Bomb); Bari-sbaup (Mar.) 
jilakurra (Tel.) ; Badisopu (Kan.). 
Habitat : — Commonly cultivated throughout India. 
Tall glabrous herbs, sometimes annual. I, eaves 2-8-4-pinnate, ultimate 
segment linear. Bracts 0 ; bracteoles 0, or few small and linear. Calyx-teeth 
0. Petals yellow, emarginate, Fruit not laterally compressed, oblong or 
ellipsoid ; carpels ^-terete ; ridges prominent, subequal ; furrows 1-vittate ; 
corpophore 2-partite. Seed somewhat dorsally compressed, inner face slight- 
ly concave. (Duthie) 
Use : — Used as stimulant,, aromatic, and carminative. The 
root is regarded as purgative, and the leaves diuretic. In 
Madras, the fruits are used in venereal diseases (Watt). 
Fennel fruit yields about 8 per cent, of volatile oil, which consists of 
anethol or anise camphor and variable proportions of a liquid isomeric with 
oil of turpentine. The oil is used in Europe in the manufacture of cordials 
and enters into the composition of fennel water, which is known in India as 
muhori-ka-arak or nrujt bddiun. 
577 . Prcingos pabularm, Lind/., h.f.b.i., ii. 695 . 
Vern. : — Fitur asaliyun (Pb. and Bomb.) ; Prangos. Komal 
(Pushtu) ; Badian Ivohi (Pers., according to Aitchison). 
Habitat : — Kashmir. 
Tall, perennial herbs. Stem 4-5 ft. Leaves 12-18 in., 3-4 
pinnate, very compound. Umbels 6-18 in. diam., sometimes 
very compound. Bracts 4-8, -fin., linear. Calyx teeth 0. Petals 
emarginate, yellow. Pedicels 15-25, i-fin., whereof 4-8 may 
produce fruit. Fruit ?-fin. ; oblong, commissure broad ; wings 
g-in. broad ; style bases depressed ; styles short, early reflexed. 
Carpels |-terete, dorsally compressed, inner face nearly plane, 
but the epicarp there thin, introflexed in a deep T-shaped groove ; 
epicarp spongy ; primary ridges large, sub-equal or the lateral 
larger ; vittre small, numerous ; carpophore 2-partite. Seed 
iVio' n - diam. dorsally compressed, inner face slightly concave,’ 
with a deep narrow T-shaped groove. (0. B. Clarke), 
