N. 0. UMBELLIFERiE. 
629 
when young ; 2-4-pinnate, secondary and tertiary pinnaj decur- 
rent, entire or very irregularly crenate-serrate. Lower leaves 
l-2ft., ovate ; cauline sheaths large from which spring simple or 
scarcely compound umbels. Terminal umbel large, compound, 
leafless. Vitt.se broad, usually occupying the whole of the 
furrow, and as long as the carpel, commisural usually 4, 2 slen- 
der, sometimes added. Fruit ^ by £in. Ovary glabrous. 
Use : — The gum-resin is a powerful antispasmodic, expector- 
ant and anthelmintic, a nervine stimulant and a feeble laxative. 
It is useful in hysteria and hysterical affections, also in spas- 
modic affections, such as asthma, hooping cough, angina pec- 
toris, flatulent colic, &c! It produces remarkable effects in the 
advanced stages of pneumonia and bronchitis in children. 
(Pharm. Ind.) The leaves possess sudorific and carminative 
properties. 
The gum-resin is used as a condiment by natives. It is 
very efficacious in flatulent colic. In ringworm, it is applied as 
a paste. 
580 . F. J cesclikeana, Vatke. h.f.b.i., ii. 708 . 
Syn. : — F, foetidissima, Eegel. and Schmalh. 
Habitat : — Kashmir. 
Uses Yields a gum-resin which, Aitchison says, is applied 
to wounds and bruises by the inhabitants of Kurram Valley 
(Watt). 
“ The careful revision by Mr. E. M. Holmes of the group 
of plants capable of yielding assafoetida has shown that, 
although we have as yet actual evidence of the production 
of assafoetida from Ferula fcetida, Regel. and F. ullicea, Boiss. 
only, yet there are several other species which probably furnish 
a portion of commercial gum-resin. In the course of his in- 
quiries, he has been able to point out that the appearance of 
F. Narthex, as grown at Kew, is, when in fruit, different from 
the figure given in “ Medicinal Plants that Ferulu fcetidissima, 
Regel., is not identical with F. Jceschkeana, as stated in the 
‘Flora of British India ; and, lastly, that F. rubricaulis can no 
longer be considered to be a source of galbanum, since it has 
