N. 0. BURTACEjF. 
661 
aliphatic acids, can be detected. In the neutral part of the oil, which only 
amounts to a few per cent, ethyl alcohol can be detected after saponification ; 
methyl alcohol and alcohols of a fusel-like odor are also probably present. 
The percentage of acids is over 90, a rare occnrrence with essential oils. 
[J. Ch. I for Jan. 31, 1910, p. 110]. 
614 . M. tinctoria, Roxb. ii.f.b.i., iii. 156 ; Roxb. 
182 , 183 . 
Sans . : — Achchuka. 
Vcrn. : — A’l (H.) ; Ach, dftruharidra (R.) ; Aohu (Uriya) ; 
Chaili, bankatari (Santal) ; Larnong, asukhat (Assam) ; Ach, aich 
(C. P.) ; Manjishta 'Bomb.) ; Maddi oliettu, mnlaga chettn (Tel.) 
Habitat: — Throughout India. 
A moderate-sized or small deciduous tree, usually pubescent 
or tomentose. Bark corky, bottle brown or grey, with numer- 
ous, deep, longitudinal cracks. Wood red, often yellow, with 
red streaks, moderately hard, close-grained. Leaves not shin- 
ing, elliptic-obovate or lanceolate, blade 4-8, narrowed into 
petiole J-lin. long. Peduncles solitary, axillary leaf opposed, 
frequently in short trichotomous panicles at the ends of branch- 
lets. Flowers 5-merous. Corolla usually tomentose outside, 
tube, 5 -|in. long, anthers exserted or included, syncarpium fin. 
diam. [Syncarpium or syncarp is a multiple or fleshy aggre- 
gate fruit, such as the mulberry or magnolin.] 
Use : — The root is used internally as an astrin gent, (Irvine). 
615 . M. umbellata, Linn, h.f.b.i., iii. 157 , 
Syn. M. Scandens, Roxb. 184. 
Vern. : — Noona-marum (Tam.) ; Moolooghoodoo (Tel.) ; A’l 
(Bomb.) ; Maddi-chekhi.(Kan.) 
Habitat : — Hills of Eastern Bengal and the Malay Peninsula, 
from the Khasia Mountains to Penang and Singapore ; Western 
Peninsula, South Concan, Neilgherry and Travancore Mount- 
ains. 
A large diffuse shrub, climbing by long tomentose, slender 
branches. Leaves rarely 5in., usually membranuous, from 
broadly ovate to elliptic or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or 
caudate, acuminate, glabrous, pubescent or tomentose beneath ; 
nerves very distinct. Stipules acute, connate. Petiole slender, 
