N. O. COMPOSITE. 
709 
very short tails. Achenes j^in., slender, glabrous, shorter 
than the scanty white pappus ; tip dilated. 
Use: — In Kanawar, the seeds are given for colic. (Stewart X 
676. S. densiflorus, Wall., h.f.b.l, hi. 355. 
V ern. : — C'hitawala (Pb.). 
Habitat: — Central and Western Himalaya, from Nepal to 
Bhotan, and the Khasia Mountains. 
Shrubby plants. Branches, leaves beneath and corymbs 
clothed with appressed white, rarely grey, cottony wool. Branches 
stout. Leaves 5-9 by l-3|in., glabrous or cottony above, 
narrowly or broadly elliptic, or obovate lanceolate acuminate, 
toothed(teeth often hooked) ; petiole, large, £-lin., with often 
small, broad-toothed auricles. Heads campanulate, shortly 
pedunculated. £in , long, many-fid, bracteolate in axillary and 
terminal branched subpanicled corymbs. Involucre-bracts 8-12, 
linear, acute, white tornentose(opaque). Receptacle pitted and 
bristly; ligules 8-10, very short. Achenes T \i n . , glabrous; 
pappus equalling or shorter than the tubular corollas, white. 
Use The leaves are applied to boils (Stewart). 
677. Echinops echinatus, DC. h.f.b.i., hi. 358. 
Sans. : — Utati. 
Vern. : — Utkatara (Indian Bazars). 
Habitat : — Upper Gangetic plains, N.-W. Himalaya, and the 
Punjab, from Benares Westward, ascending to 5,000ft. to 
Sirmore. Behar, Sindh. The Dekkan. 
A much-branched, spreading, rigid annual, l-2ft. high, bran- 
ched from the 'base. Branches wide-spreading. Leaves 3-5 
in. long, sessile, oblong, pinnatifid, spines often l|in. Balls of 
head white 1-Hin. dlarn Outer invol. bracts 6-8 oblanceolate 
glabrous pungent one often spinescent ; Involucre |in., long, 
inner hardening around the obconic silky villous achenes. 
Achenes*|in. long. 
Use : — The drug is considered to be tonic and diuretic. It 
is bitter, and appears to us to have the same properties as the 
