712 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
5-angled, muricate, top cupular, very variable as to rugosity, 
Pappus hairs very slender, white, equalling the Corolla, outer 
absent. 
Use : -The seeds- are collected iu the Punjab for the drug- 
sellers (Stewart). Carminative, used in masalas for horses 
(Calthrop, in Watt’s Dictionary!. 
682. S. hypoleuca, Spreng. h.f.b.i., III. 371. 
Habitat : — All over temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to 
Sikkim. 
Herbs, with stem, simple or branched above, leafy, 
rather slender, 2-5ft., glabrous or puberulous. Leaves lyrate or 
lyrate-pinnatifid, sinuate toothed', glabrous above, cottony or 
white beneath ; membranous, terminal lobe large sometimes 
Sin. diam, deltoid acute, lateral generally one pair triangular, 
acute ; 3-8in., variable in breadth, petioled or sessile ; petiole 
auricled at the base or not. Heads lf-2in. diam., globose, nod- 
ding or inclined, very many-fid, base often intruded, long pe- 
duucled. Involucre very broad and open, bracts lanceolate, 
acuminate, ciliate, often recurved. Corolla jin., limb as long 
as the tube. Anther-tails long, subulate, quite entire, or split 
near the tip. Acheues short, 4-angled, tubercled, fin. long, 
almost cubical, with obtuse angles, black ; tip contracted, with 
a terminal toothed cup. Pappus single, fin., brown. 
Use : — It appears probable that part of the costus used 
medicinally in India is derived from this species (Watt). 
683. S. Lappa, Clarke, h.f.b.i., hi. 376. 
Syn. : — Aplotaxis Lappa, Dene ; Aucklandia Costus, Falconer. 
Sans.: — Kushtha ; Kashmirja. 
V ern. : — Kut ; Kust (H.) ; Pachak, Kur (B.) ; Post-khai 
(Kashmir) ; Kusta (Bhote) ; Kut, kot (Pb.) ; Duplate (Bomb.); 
Upaleta ; Kut (Guz.) ; Kostum, putchuck, goshtam (Tam.);. 
Changala, Kustam (Tel.) ; Sepuddy (Malay.) 
Habitat : — Kashmir. 
Tall, very stout, herbs. Stem (3-7ft., very robust, as thick as 
the little finger, below- Leaves membranous, scaberulous above. 
