868 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
Habitat : — Western Himalaya, from Kumaon to Kashmir. 
Erect, hispid, perennial herbs, tall, simple, stem l-3ft. Radi- 
cal leaves 11 by fin. by fin. Cauline leaves 3 by fin ; acute ; 
narrow lanceolate. Spike, terminal, solitary, 12by 2-3in., usually 
very dense. Flowers purple ; sepals 1-lf in., linear. Corolla-tube 
fin., mouth f-fin. diain. Style shortly bifid ; stigmas 2, capi- 
tate. Nutlets fin., ovoid, suddenly acute, nearly as broad as 
long. 
Use: — The plant is considered useful in diseases of the 
tongue and throat (Stewart). 
827. M. perennis, Boiss. h.f.b.i., iv. 177. 
Habitat : — Alpine Western Himalaya, from the Karakorum 
and Kashmir to Kumaon. 
Herbs, with perennial roots Stem solitary or several, undivided 
or hirsute. Cauline leaves l-2in., sessile. Cymes cjmpoud, 3-4in. 
diam., spikes short, manv-flowered or subcapitate. Sepals f-fin., 
lanceolate-linear, sepals in flower, says C. B. Clarke, f-fin. 
patently hirsute ; in fruit sometimes nearly lin., and sublance- 
olate. Corolla purple, tube as long as the sepals in flower, or 
exceeding them by ^-Jin., lobes fin., varying in breadth. Flowers 
dimorphic, one form having f-exserted anthers and short, 2- 
lobed stigmas, the other with included anthers between the 
capitate stigmas. Nutlets nearly as in M. Benthami, but larger 
(C. B. Clarke). 
Uses : — The bruised roots of this plant are applied to 
eruptions, and, along with Onosma echioides and one or two 
other roots, constitutes the Ruttanjot of the Punjab and the 
North-West Himalayas. In Afghanistan, it is used to relieve 
tooth-ache and ear-ache (Aitchison). 
828. Onosma echiodes, Linn, h.f.b.i. iv. 178. 
Verm .: — Ratanjot (H.) ; Newar, maharangi (Nepal) ; Ratan- 
jot, maharauga, ldljari, koame (Pb.). 
Habitat : — Kashmir and Kumaon. 
A biennial, patently hispid, herb. Stem 8-I0in. Cauline 
leaves 2f by fin. oblong. Racemes elongate, often forked, in 
