1038 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
1007 . Crunella vulgaris, Linn., h.f.b.i., IV. 670 . 
Vern . — Ustakhadiis (Pb. and Sind.) 
Habitat. — Temperate Himalaya, from Kashmir to Bhotan ; 
Ivhasia Hills, Nilgiris and Travancore, and hilly districts 
throughout India. 
A thinly hairy erect or ascending perennial herb, 4-12in. 
Rootstook creeping. Leaves 1-oin., upper sessile, the rest 
petioled, ovate or oblong, pinnatifid entire or toothed, acute or 
obtuse. Flowers f-fin. long, violet-purple, in whorls of 6, 
crowded in erect, terminal spikes. Floral leaves bract-1 ike, hairy, 
purple margined, broadly ovate acute overlapping. Calyx 
tinged with purple, bell-shaped, 2-lipped ; upper lip broad, 3- 
toothed ; lower deeply 2-lobed ; mouth closed after flowering 
time. Corolla-tube broad, slightly longer than the Calyx ; limb 
2- lipped ; upper lip erect, wood-like, notched, lower spreading 
3- lobed, mid-lobe largest, minutely toothed. Stamens 4, in 
unequal pair ascending under the upper lip ; filaments bearing 
a small tooth below the anthers (Collett). “ Corolla purple or 
white 4-fin.” (J. D. Hooker). 
Uses. — Regarded by the Punjab Himalayan hill tribes as 
expectorant and antispasmodic. (Stewart). The green leaves 
smeared with castor oil and warmed over the fire applied 
externally to the anus in cases of painful piles. 
1008 . Carrubium vulgare, Linn., ii.f.b.i., iv. 671 . 
Habitat. — Western Temperate Himalaya ; and Kashmir. 
A perennial tall robust shortly woolly herb. Stem 2-4ft., 
leafy. Leaves ovate or orbicular, crenate, rugose, l-l^in. diam., 
base rounded or cordate or cuneate, leathery, wrinkled. Petiole 
f-fin. Whorls depressed, villous, axillary, many and dense-fid. 
Flowers small. Calyx f-f coriaceous. Calyx-teeth 10, subulate^ 
spreading and re-curved at the lip, throat woolly ; corolla 4in., 
white, tube slender, upper lip long, 2-fid. Nutlets l/12in., smooth. 
Uses : — It is a well known old domestic remedy for coughs and 
other pectoral complaints, but is now seldom used in medicine by 
regular practitioners. In large doses it acts as a laxative and 
diuretic; in small doses, as a tonic and stimplant. An infusion 
