N. O. AMARATaCCvE. 10C1 
4 
(Trans-Indus); Kapnr-madhura (Mar.); Sirru-pulay vayr (Tam.); 
Pindie-conda (Tel.). 
Habitat : — Plains of Bengal, from Dacca and Beliar west- 
ward to the Indus. The Concan, Central India and through- 
out the Deccan. 
A very common perennial weed, often woody at base. Steens 
erector prostrate, numerous, long, witli slender branches, cylin- 
dric, more or less cottony hairy. Leaves alternate, numerous, 
4 - 1 4 -in. on main stem, much smaller, I fin., on branches, oval or 
spatliulate-oval, tapering at base, rounded or sub-acute at apex, 
entire, finely hairy-pubescent above, more or less white with 
cottony hair beneath. Petiole short, obscure Flowers very 
small, sessile, often bisexual, greenish white, in very small, 
dense, sessile axillary heads or spikes. Bracts shorter than 
sepals, ovale, obtuse, with membranous margins woolly with long 
white hairs outside. Stigmas 2, very short. 
Uses : — The flowering tops of the above two species are offici- 
nal, and the roots are used in the treatment of headache, and by 
the natives of the Malabar Coast are, regarded as demulcent 
1039. Aehyranthes aspera, Linn., h.f.b.i., iv. 
730 ; Roxb. 226. 
Sans. : — Ap&mdrga, dgliata, apangaka. 
Venn Ap&ng (Beng. and Ass.); Latjira, ehirchira, chirchitta 
(H.) ; Aghdda (Bom. and Mali.) ; Uttareni, antisha, apa margamu 
(Tel.) ; Nayurivi (Tam.) ; Kutri, phut kanda (Gujrat); Katalati 
(Mai.); Utrani-gida Uttardne (Kan.) ; Aghedo (Guj.); Margin 
(Sind.) 
Eng. : — The Prickly Chaff-flower. 
Habitat A shrub found all over India, ascending in 
3,000 ft. 
Annual herbs. (Stems l-2ft., erect, stiff, with long spreading 
branches thickened above nodes, striate, pubescent. Leaves few, 
usually thick, leathery, broadly ovate or orbicular, 3-5 by 2-3in., 
tapering to base, usually rounded, on short petioles, sometimes 
acute, or apex entire, but often very undulate, very finely and 
