N. O. ARISTOLOCHIACEAi. 
1087 
Perianth 1-lfin., base globose, tube cylindric, erect, slender, lip 
erect, linear, as long as the tube, dark-purple with rootute edges, 
villous, with purple hairs. Anthers six. Stylar column 6-lobed. 
Fruit a pyriform capsule, lin. long, many grooved. Seeds 
triangular, cordate. 
Uses : — Every part of this plant is nauseously bitter, which 
remains long, chiefly about the throat. For a purging with 
gripes, two of the fresh leaves are rubbed up in a little water, 
and given to an adult for a dose, once in 24 hours (Roxb.). 
It is well-known by its Hindustani name KirSt-mar'[ rom its 
supposed anthelmintic properties, and also probably from the 
fact of the expressed juice of the leaves being applied to foul 
and neglected ulcers, for the purpose of destroying the larvae 
of insects. A belief in the anthelmintic virtues of the leaves is 
common amongst the natives. In Dalzell and Gibson’s Flora 
of Bombay (p. 225), it is spoken of as possessing “ a merited 
reputation as an antiperiodic in intermittent fevers.” Em- 
menagogue properties are also assigned to it. Dr. J. Newton 
reports that in Scinde the dried root, in doses of about a 
drachm and-a-half, in the form of powder or in infusion, is 
administered during labours to increase uterine contractions 
(Ph. Ind.). 
The leaves are applied to the navel to move the bowels of 
children, and are also given internally in combination with 
castor oil as a remedy for colic. 
Dr. Hove states that the root and leaf are remarkably bitter, 
and yield a thick yellowish juice, which is mixed with boiled 
milk and given in syphilis, and combined with opium is used 
with great success in gonorrhoea. Ainslie nofices the applica- 
tion of the leaf, when bruised and mixed with castor oil, to 
olrstinate psora (the carpang of the Tamils.) 
The native doctors in Bombay make a paste, with water, 
of the plant, along with the seeds of Barringtonia acutangula, 
Celastrus paniculata, and black pepper, and rub the whole body 
with it for the cure of malarial fevers. 
The evidence collected by Dr. Watt (Diet. Ec. Pr. India, 
i. 314) shows that it is the opinion of several European phy- 
