\ 
1000 INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS 
Mr. Ii. Modlen concludes a paper “ on the Aristolochiacece as antidotes to 
snake-poisons " in the Pli. J. for Nov. 20, 1880, pi 411, as follows : 
“ Although we English pharmacists may never be in a position to test this 
remedy, still it seemed to be one of sufficient interest to be noted. Strangely 
enough, the only place in this neighbourhood (Oxford) where I have seen 
an adder is the only locality for A. Clematis.’’ 
According to the authors of the I’harmacographia Indica, the roots con- 
tain an alkaloidal principle. 
N. O. PIPERACEiE. 
1078. Piper longum, Linn., h.f.b.i., v. 83. Roxb. 
52. 
Sijn. :--Chavica Roxburghii, Miq. 
Sans. : — Pippali. 
Vern .\ — Pipul (H. and B.); Pippul-cliittoo (Tel.); Pipili 
(Tam.); Bangali-pim-pali iBomb.V 
Habitat . —Hotter provinces of India, from East Nepal to 
Assam, the Kliasia Mts. and Bengal, westward to Bombay 
and southward to Travancore. 
Root-stock erect, thicker pointed, branched. Stems herba- 
ceous, numerous, creeping below ; young shoots downy, branches 
prostrate or creeping with broad, glabrous leaves. Flowering 
shoots erect. Branches soft, angular and grooved when dry. 
Leaves generally membranous. Lower leaves 2-3in., ovate, 
cordate, often rounded ovate, acuminate, 7-nerved ; sinus rounded, 
but narrow ; basal lobes equal ; petiole l-3in. Upper leaves 
narrower, oblong, cordate, sessile, amplexicaul ; 2-5iu. bas.al lobes 
often unequal. Spikes simple, solitary. Flowers dioecious. Male 
spikes l-3iD., female 5 -fin. broad, 1-1 fin. long, blackish-green, 
shining, short, sub-erect. Fruit about roin. diam., in dense 
cylindric, rarely globose spikes. 
Uses : —Like Black Pepper, it contains a volatile oil, an acrid 
resin and pipeline ; and, like it, it possesses, stimulant car- 
minative properties, but more powerful. Its chief use is as a 
condiment. Dr. Herklots reports favourably of the follow- 
ing Mahomedan nostrum in the treatment of beri-beri : Take 
of Long Pepper, bruised, four ounces ; Black Pepper and 
