N. 0. EUPUOUIUACE.E. 
1147 
about 10 gin. diam , with a few larger ,ones, Jin. diam. which are 
white and fleshy ; seeds 3-0, punctate (Kanjilal). 
Use: — The juice of the leaves, or the leaves made into a 
paste with tobacco, are used to destroy worms in sores. 
(Dymock.) 
Chemical composition. — The bark contains 10 per cent, of a tannic acid, 
giving a violet-black colour with ferric, chloride, and the mixture becomes 
red on the addition of ammonia. An alkaloid is also present, giving a pur- 
plish-red colour, afterwards turning to green, with Frbhde's re-agent, and a 
violet colour with strong sulphuric acid and permanganate of potassium. 
The alkaloid is soluble in excess of alkalies. The infusion was somewhat 
frothy, but no sapogenin could ho isolated from it after boiling with acid. 
1137. Ih'eijnui rhamnoides, Mud/., Ary. ii.f.iu., 
v. 330. 
Syn. : — Phyllanlhus rhamnoides, Willd. 
Sans. : — Aruni 
Venn . : - Surasaruni ill.), Tikkar (Oudh.t 
Habital : — Throughout tropical India, from Oudh eastwards 
to Upper Assam and southwards to Travancore. 
A small tree or bush, quite glabrous, with many long horizon- 
tal, bifarious, flexous branches. Bark yellowish-grey or greyish- 
brown, rough. Wood reddish, hard, close-grained. Twigs an- 
gular, glabrous. Leaves numerous, membranous, distichous, 
spreading on short petioles, 1-1 Jin., oval, acute at both ends, 
entire, glabrous, thin, pale beneath ; veins inconspicuous. Sti- 
pules minute, subulate. Flowers yellow, very small, on slerider, 
liliform pedicels. Male flowers very small in clusters; female 
solitary. Male flowers Calyx turbinate ; segments short, 
obtuse, inllexed, nearly closing to mouth. Staminal column 
short- Female (lowers Calyx cup-shaped, segments acute. 
Ovary much-exserted, oblong, truncate. Styles very short. Fruit 
small, globose, £in., seated on the scarcely enlarged calyx, 
smooth, dull-red. Seeds i in., aril O ; testa imperforate except 
at the very base. 
Uses: — According to Ainslie, it was broughi to Dr. F. 
Hamilton while in Behai as a medicine of some note; the 
dried leaves are smoked like tobacco, in cases in which the 
