N. 0. URTICACE®. 
1179 
yellowish-grey, moderately hard, noheartwood. Young shoots 
and inflorescence pubescent, otherwise mostly glabrous. Leaves 
elliptic, entire, those of the seedlings and coppice-shoots usually 
serrate ; blade 3-5 ; petiole J-iin. long ; secondary nerves 5-7 pair. 
Flowers in short lateral, often compound corymbs. Male and 
female flowers mixed; perianth cleft nearly to the base; segments 
5, hairy. Male flowers : — Stamens 8 ; anthers hairy, no rudiment 
of ovary. Hermaphrodite flowers : — Stamens 5 ; ovary compress- 
ed, 1-celled, stalked ; the stalk lengthening as the seed ripens, 
sometimes with the remains of the calyx at its base. Samara 
nearly orbicular, 1 inch diam., on a long slender or obliquely 
elliptic, glabrous or pubescent stalk. Wings membranous or 
chartaceous ; tip 2-fid, lobes incurved. 
Uses : — The tree has a mucilaginous bark, which is boiled, 
and the juice squeezed out and applied to rheumatic swellings, 
the exhausted bark is then powdered and applied over the parts 
covered by the sticky juice. (Pharmaeoyr. IncL. III. 318). 
1167 . Celtis australis, Linn., h.f.b.i., v. 482 . 
Vern. : — Batkar, brimdu, brimla, bigni, bingu, kharg, (Pb ) ; 
Tughar (Pushtu). 
Habitat : — The Salt Range and Temperate Himalaya from 
Murree to Nepal. 
A middle-sized, deciduous tree. Bark bluish-grey, smooth, 
with horizontal wrinkles. Wood grey or yellowish-grey, with 
irregular streaks of dark colour, hard Branchlets slender, 
pendulous ; branchlets, petioles and young leaves glabrous 
or hairy. Leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, base very 
oblique, sharply serrate, sometimes entire ; blade 3-5 ; petiole 
Jin. long ; the lateral basal nerves extending beyond the 
middle, but not to the tip of the leaf. Flowers with or before 
the leaves. Male flowei's in axillary tufts, or racemed on short, 
leafless, axillary branchlets ; pedicels capillary. Sepals oblong, 
obtuse, marginally woolly. Female or bi-sexual flowei's 
rather larger than the male. Ovary ovoid, woolly at the base all 
over. Drupe very variable in size and shape ; J-Jin. long. 
(Brandis.) 
