N. 0. UUTICACEAI. 
1203 
1189. Antiaris toxicaria, Leschen, h.f.b.i., 
v. 537. 
Vern • Chandla, chandkuda, charvar mada, karvat or 
kliarvat (Bomb, and Mar.) ; Karwat (Konkan) ; Alii, netavil, 
netta-vil maram (Tam.); Jazngri, Agganpatle, Jaguri (Kan.); 
Araya-angely, netta-vil. (Mai.) 
English : — Tlie Upas tree. 
Habitat: — The Deccan Peninsula, on the ghats, from the 
Concan southwards. According to Beddome, it is the largest 
tree of the Western forests attaining a height of 250ft. 
A gigantic, ever green tree, attaining 250ft. Trunk often 
buttressed. Bark thick, grey. Wood white, soft, even-grained ; 
young shoots, petioles and midrib velvety. Leaves glabrous or 
hairy beneath, 4-Sin. glossy, elliptic, acuminate, entire or 
serrulate ; base rounded or cordate, young lanceolate, serrulate. 
Petiole Jin. Flowers memecious. Males crowded on the surface 
of the pedunculate and usually fascicled receptacles, which are 
supported by imbricating bracts ; sepals 3-4 ; stamens 3-8. 
Females solitary, enclosed in a pear-shaped involucre of numer- 
ous confluent bracts ; perianth 0 ; ovary aduate to the involucre. 
Fruit like a small fig, purple scarlet or crimson ; pyriform 
velvety, fleshy, -Jin. diam., “ Male-receptacles 3-4, together, 
orbicular ; and pedunales velvety, Ain. diam.” (J. D. Hooker.) 
Uses: — The juice of the tree is the source of the fabulous 
Upas poison. The poison at first acts as a purgative and 
emetic, then as a narcotic causing death by violent fits of 
tetanic convulsions. 
In the Concan and in Canara, the bitter seeds are used as a 
febrifuge, and in dysentery, one-lhird to one-half of a seed being 
given three times a day. 
Antiarin, the most important constituent of the milky juice of Antiaris 
toxicaria, has the formula, C 27 O in -j-4 H, O, and antiaroso, C„ H n 0,, a 
sugar metameric with rhamnose. 
1190. Artocarpm liirsiila, Lavik., h.f.b.i., v. 541. 
Vern. :— lianphanas, Pat-phanas (Mar.). Ayni, Anjalli (Tam.). 
