N. 0. SAUOINEJ!. 
1221 
curved, slender, pale-yellow, £-lin. long ; stamens 2, free; bracts 
lanceolate. Females : as long bracts as in the male, small pale. 
Capsules sessile, narrowly conic, glabrous or slightly hairy at 
base. Stigmas 2, sessile, entire. 
Uses : — The leaves and bark are considered tonic, possibly 
from the sal icine in them. (Stewart.) They are still much used 
by native practitioners as astringentg; and tonics, chiefly in the 
treatment of intermittent and remittent fevers. (Punjab Pro- 
ducts.) The bark is also said to be anthelmintic. (Watt.) 
1208 . Populus nigra, Linn., h.f.b.i., v. 638 . 
V 'em.: — S fifed a (Pb.) ; Frast (Kashmir) ; Prost, farsh, kramali, 
biilns, (Himalayan names) ; Yarpa, yfllatt, changma, kabul, 
kanll (Ladak). 
Habitat : — Cultivated here and there in the N.-W. Himalaya, 
from Simla westward. 
A large, deciduous tree. Bark thick, grey or blackish-grey, 
rough, with numerous characteristic, deep, vertical fissures. 
Wood soft, even-grained ; sapwood white, heartwood reddish- 
brown. Gamble further adds: — “The variety of the Black 
Poplar, found in the Himalaya, is almost always the fastigiate 
form known as the Lombardy Poplar ; it is very common and 
conspicuous in avenues in Kashmir, and some trees are 90-100fr. 
in height and 6 to 7ft. in girth. From the Kuram Valley, 
Aitchison and Hemsly have described a variety, afghanica, with 
slender branches and small leaves.” Branchlets and leaves 
glabrous. Buds viscid. Leaves with penni-nerved midrib and 
3 basal-nerves ; almost triangular, acuminate, crenate ; blade 
2-4in. Petiole l-2|in. long. Catkins glabrous. Males pink, 
stamens 15-30. Females lax, drooping, disk shallow ; pedicel 
short. Fruiting catkins 4-6in. long. 
Uses : — The bark is officinal in the plains, nn arak [liquor] 
being extracted from it, which is considered depurative. 
(Dr. Stewart.) 
In Tuscany, an ointment prepared from the buds is used for 
haemorrhoids, and the balsam obtained from the same source 
is a popular remedy for colds. (Watt.) 
