N. O. CONIFERS. 
1227 
fragrant, moderately bard. In the Himalayas, tbe tree rarely 
attains more than 6-7ft. in height, often with a disproportion- 
ately thick stem, 18-24in. in girth. 
Uses : — The fruit and the oil are officinal in the Pharmaco- 
poeias of India and Great Britain. 
The nuts are sold in the bazars of Northern India for 
medicine, and are prescribed as diuretic and stimulant. Irvine 
mentions that they are imported into Patna from Nepal, and 
are used in the treatment of gonorrhoea. (Watt.) 
“ Juniper fruit and oil possesses carminative, stimulant and 
diuretic properties. They are useful in different forms ol 
dropsies, either administered alone, or in combination with 
other diuretics. They have been used in mucous discharges as 
gonorrhoea, gleet and leucorrhoea ; and in some cutaneous 
diseases. The wood has been regarded as sudorific in its 
action, and has been substituted for Guaiacum and Sassafras.’ 
(Bentley and Trimen.) 
1216 . J. recurva, Ham., h.f.b.i., v. 647 . 
Vern — Tupi (Nepal); Deschfl, cbakbu (Sikkim); Bettur, 
bhedara, bidelganj, thelu, phulu, jhora, guggal, bil, urun, 
agani (U. P.) ; Wetyar, bettar, chuch, thelu, phulu (Pb.) ; 
Pama (Tibet.) 
Habitat : — Temperate and Alpine Himalaya. 
An evergreen graceful, blue, glaucous tree attaining 30ft. or 
straggling, gregarious shrub. Bark brown, thin, peeling oil in 
long fibrous strips. Wood moderately hard, very fragrant ; sap- 
wood white; heartwood light-red. (Gamble.) Branches fastigiate, 
decurved and ascending, with pendulous branches in large plants. 
Leaves subulate, imbricate, more or less depressed, in whorls of 
3, £iu. long, lanceolate, pungent, back convex. Branchlets more 
or less 0-sided. Maie catkins and bracts at the end of short 
lateral leafy branchlets, ovoid, Yellow. Females small, ovules 
erect. Berries ovoid, pointed, l-iin. long, shining, dark-brown 
or blackish-purple when ripe. Seed 1, oblong, not winged. 
Uses : — Aitchison reports that the smoke from the green 
wood is known in Kashmir as a powerful emetic, producing 
long continued vomiting. 
