1232 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS 
koto (Nepal) ; Gniet (Lepclia) ; Teadong (Bhutia) ; Kolan, chtr, 
salla, sapin, kolon, kolain, seed = kalghoza, cbalhatti (U.P.) ; 
Dhup (Oudh) ; Chir, salla, sapin, kolon, kolan, kolais (Kumaon); 
Salla, sail (Kashmir) ; Chir chil, drab chir, nashtar, nakhtar, 
ranzuru, gula, thansa, anandar, saral, oleo-resin — ganda-biroza, 
purified oleo-resin = biroza, sat-biroza ( Pb.) ; Nashtar, nakhtar 
Pushtu); oleo-resin = Gandah-birozah (Bomb.); Oleo-resin = 
Birozeh (Pers.). 
Habitat : — Drier Himalayan slopes, from 2,000 to 7,000 feet 
above sea level. 
A large, more or less deciduous tree, eminently gregarious, 
attaining 100-1 10ft., but often stunted and gnarled. Trunk 
usually naked, rarely 12ft. girth. Bark l-2in! thick, reddish- 
brown outside, dark-red within, cut by deep fissure into large 
plates of irregular size, but more or less rounded and on an 
average about 6in. across. Wood moderately hard ; sapwood 
white ; heartwood light reddish-brown. (Gamble.) Branches 
symmetrically whorled, high up the trunk, forming a rounded 
head of light foliage. Leaves 9-12in. long, slender, nearly 
triquetrous ; sheath 2 -lin. long, greyish-brown, imbriate, persis- 
tent. Male catkins l-^in. long, cylindric ; cones on short stiff 
stalks, spreading or recurved, solitary or in whorls of 2-5, 4-8in. 
long, diam. 3-5in. ; scales 1-2 by {{in. ; beak thick, pyramidal, 
pointed and somewhat recurved. Seeds oblong, |-lin. long, 
with the unequal-sided, thin, membranous wing, which lattef is 
rather longer than seed. Cotyledons about 12. 
Uses : — The people of Upper India obtain from it tar and 
turpentine. The former is said to be equal to that obtained by 
a more refined process in Europe ; and the turpentine is stated 
merely to require attention to render it equal to the imported 
article. Dr. Hugh Cleghorn {Jour. Aqri.-Hort. Soc. of India, 
1865, vol. xiv., p. i., App. p. 7) speaks of the product being of a 
superior description, equal, in fact, to Swedish tar. In an 
economical point of view, this subiect may be worthy of atten- 
tion. (Ph. Ind.).* 
* Mr. Puran Singh (Ind. For Roc. IV. Part 1) is of opinion that the oil 
distilled from Finns longifolia is not of the same quality as the resins of 
