1236 
INDIAN MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
cylindrical. Stamens sub-cylindrical, bilocular, with triangular, 
terminal, oblique scale. Female cones at first sessile, solitary, of 
a cylindrical form, of a pea-green colour, covered with a delicate, 
velvety, bluish bloom. As they advance in growth, they stand 
erect and solitary in a small peduncle on the upper side of 
the branches and become brown. They are oval, very obtuse, 
2-5in. long, l-2|in. diam. In their early green stage, most 
deliciously fragrant. Scales very broad, transversely oblong, 
flat, fan-shaped, ferruginous, entire, smooth and thin at the 
edges and somewhat membranaceous. Seeds unequal, somewhat 
wedge-shaped, with a large, obovate-membranous, brown wing, 
expanding suddenly on the thinner side, immediately beyond 
the seed. The majority of male catkins and female flowers 
are on separate trees. But a considerable number of trees also 
produce both male and female flowers on the same individuals. 
The usual girth is from 24-30ft., at times 33-36ft., 4 or 5ft. 
above the ground. Height 160-I80ft , or even 200ft. (Vol. III. 
P. 225, Pftietum Britannicum. Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh 
and London, 1884.) 
Sir Joseph Hooker says (Natural History Review, 1862, p. 17). 
It is evident that the distinctions between Cedrus Deodnra, 
Cedrus Libani and Cedrus Atlantica are so trifling and so far 
within the proved limits of variation of conifera plants that 
it may reasonably be assumed that all originally sprang from 
one. It should be added that there are no other distinctions 
whatever between them of bark, wood, leaves, male cones, 
anthers or the structure of these, nor in the mode of germination 
or duration ; the girth they attain or their hardiness (the 
assumed distinctive characters between the Deodar and Lebanon 
Cedar that were formed on the form of the cones , the falling 
away of their scales, the shape of the leaf in section, the wood, 
its odour and durability having all been satisfactorily disproved 
long ago. * * * Though the differences in the scales 
and seeds of Deodara and Libani are veiy marked, they vary 
much, many forms of each overlap, and further transitions 
between the most dissimilar may be established by intercalation 
of seeds and scales from C. Atlantica My own impression 
