30 
DESCRIPTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
with leaves opposite or sometimes three in a whorl, and yel- 
lowish-white flowers in round heads of the size of a marble. 
The calyx is tububar with an angular, 4-toothed limb ; the 
stamens 4 in Dumber, scarcely protrduing from the corolla; 
the style protruded fora considerable distance from the throat 
of the corolla, and the stigma capitate. The fruit is inversely 
pyramidal in shape, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 2-4 
celled, each cell or compartment containing one seed, or some- 
times two of the seeds are wanting. The seeds are termin- 
ated by a small, thickened knob at one end. FI. July-August. 
Found in all wet lands and along streams. The bark is used. 
Mitchella repens, L. Partridge berry. A smooth and trailing 
small evergreen herb, with round ovate and shining petioled 
leaves, minute stipules, white fragrant flowers often tinged 
with purple, and scarlet edible but tasteless berries, which 
remain over winter. Flowers in pairs, with their ovaries 
united. Calyx 4-toothed, corolla funnel-form, 4-lobed, the 
lobes spreading, densely bearded inside, valvate in the bud; 
stamens 4, style 1 ; stigmas 4, linear. Fruit a berry- like 
double drupe, crowned with the calyx-teeth of the two flowers, 
with 4 small, seed-like bony nutlets to each flower. In all 
dry woods, creeping about the foot of trees, especially beeches 
and coniferse. The herb is collected at any time. 
Galium Aparine, L. Cleaves. Goose-grass. It derives its En- 
glish name from the avidity with which the young stems and 
leaves are eaten by the geese ; it is called cleaves on account 
of the tenacity with which the fruit adheres to any rough and 
soft substance. It is a long, straggling annual plant, abund- 
ant in hedges and among bushes through which it climbs, 
supporting itself by the hooked prickles, with which it is co- 
piously invested. Leaves about 8 in a whorl, stems bristle- 
prickly backward, hairy at the joints; leaves lanceolate, 
tapering to the base, short pointed, rough at the margins and 
midrib, 1-2' long; flowers white; fruit dry, bristly with 
hooked prickles. Shaded grounds, everywhere. The herb. 
