DESCRIPTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
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often 2-3-lobed or cut. Sterile involucres and flowers as in 
Ambrosia, but the scales separate and receptacle cylindrical ; 
fruit long, pointed with a single short beak. FI. July. 
Many years ago it reached East Tennessee and spread along 
the East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad about all towns and 
settlements. It is also habituating now about Nashville. A 
fluid extract is prepared from the herb. Collect in flowering 
season. 
Rudbeckia laciniata, L. Cone-flower. A stately perennial with 
smooth, branching stems 3-7° high, with showy terminal, yel- 
low flower heads. Leaves smooth or roughish, the lowest 
pinnate, with 5-7 cut or 3-lobed leaflets ; upper leaves irreg- 
ularly 3-5 parted, the lobes ovate-lanceolate, pointed, or the 
uppermost undivided; heads long-peduncled ; disk at first 
hemispherical, becoming columnar at maturity ; chaff trun- 
cate, downy at the tip, rays oblanceolate 1-2' long, drooping. 
Scattered specimens found on the ridges near Springfield. In 
quantity it is found in the mountain gorges of East Tennessee, 
Wolf Creek. The herb should be collected in summer. 
Echinacea purpurea, Moench. Black Sampson. Purple Cone- 
Flower. Perennial herb, with stout and simple flower- 
ing stems 1-2° high, from strong, black, cylindrical or forked 
roots of pungent taste. Flowers solitary, terminal, large, 
rose-color, purplish and sometimes white. Leaves rough, 
often serrate; the lowest ovate, 5-nerved, veiny, long-pet- 
ioled ; the others ovate-lanceolate, alternate. Heads mauy- 
flowered, radiate ; the rays very long, drooping, pistillate, 
but sterile. Scales of the involucre imbricated, lanceolate, 
spreading. Receptacle conical ; the spiny-tipped chaff longer 
than the disk- flowers. Achenes short, 4-sided; pappus a 
small toothed border. In Indian practice it was used ex- 
ternally as a poultice and internally as a decoction against 
rattlesnake bite. FI. July. Scatteringly over the State in 
argillaceous soils. 
Echinacea angustifolia, DC. Narrow-leaved Cone- Flower. 
Very much like the former, but lower and heads smaller. 
