DESCRIPTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
79 
opposite, heart-shapecl and palmately 3-7 lobed leaves, with 
persistent ovate stipules between the petioles. Flowers 
dioecious; the sterile in loose axillary panicles, with 5 sepals 
and 5 erect stamens. Fertile flowers in short axillary and 
solitary spikes or catkins; bracts foliaceous, imbricate, each 
2-flowered, in fruit forming a sort of membranaceous strobile. 
•Calyx of a single sepal, embracing the ovary. Achene invest- 
ed, with the enlarged scale-like calyx. The strobile sprin- 
kled with yellow resinous grains, which give the bitterness 
and aroma to the hop (Lupnline). Found on deserted home- 
steads and abandoned garden plots, apparently only, wild. 
It does not seem to produce fertilized seed in this latitude. 
The strobiles are collected. 
Morns rubra, L. Fed Mulberry. An indigenous species, 
making a large tree, which ripens its blackberry-like fruit 
in June. Leaves heart-ovate, serrate, rough above, downy 
beneath, pointed, sometimes lobed. Flowers monoecious, 
sometimes dioecious; the two kinds in separate axillary and 
catkin-like spikes. Calyx 4-parted ; stamens 4 ; ovary 2- 
celled, one of the cells smaller and disappearing; styles 2. 
Achenes ovate, compressed, covered by the succulent berry- 
like calyx, the whole spike thus becoming a thickened ob- 
long and juicy edible, aggregate fruit. FI. May. In bot- 
tom lands over the State. The fruit is used for syrups, etc., 
in place of the European M. nigra, L. 
Urtica clioica, L. The Common Kettle. A very bristly and 
stinging perennial herb making no claim for beauty. The 
leaves are ovate, heart-shaped, pointed, very deeply serrate, 
downy beneath as well as the upper part of the stem. Flower- 
clusters in branching panicled spikes. Sterile flowers : sepals 
4. Stamens 4, inserted around the cup-shaped rudiment of 
a pistil. Fertile flowers; sepals 4 in pairs, the 2 outer 
smaller and spreading, the 2 inner flat or concave, in fruit 
membranaceous and enclosing the straight and erect ovate 
flattened achene. Flowers greenish, May-June. Running 
the hand from the root upward, no damage is sustained, but 
the slightest touch downward is severely punished. The 
