80 
DESCRIPTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS. 
root is used for a fluid extract. Now and then introduced 
with foreign goods, and found about rubbish, but not capa- 
ble of continuous self-propagation in this latitude. 
Maclura aurantiaca, Lindl. The Osage Orange. A shrub or 
tree, is mentioned in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia, but as the 
root of the bark is only used for a yellow dye, it deserves 
no further consideration. 
JUGLANDACEiE. (Walnut Family.) 
Juglans cinerea, L. White Walnut. Butternut. A tree SO- 
YA 0 high with gray bark, widely spreading branches, and 
lighter brown wood than the next. Leaves odd-pinnate, 5— 
8 pairs, oblong-lanceolate, serrate, pointed, rounded at base, 
downy, especially beneath, the petioles and branches downy 
with clammy hairs. Flowers monoecious, the sterile in cat- 
kins, with an irreuglar calyx adnate to the bract; the fertile 
solitary or several together on a peduncle at the end of the 
branches, with 4— 5-toothed calyx, bearing 4 small petals at 
the sinuses. Styles 2, very short; stigmas 2, somewhat club- 
shaped and fringed; fruit oblong, clammy, pointed, the nut 
deeply sculptured and rough with ragged ridges. FI. May. 
In bottom lands, along water-courses. The inner bark of 
the root is preferred. 
Juglans nigra, L. Black Walnut. Leaflets 7-11 pairs, ovate- 
lanceolate, taper-pointed, somewhat heart-shaped or unequal 
at base, smooth above, the lower surface and the petioles 
minutely downy ; fruit spherical, roughly dotted, the nut cor- 
rugated, 4-celled at top and bottom. A larger tree than the 
foregoing, often over 100° high, with rough brown bark and 
purplish brown wood. The finest specimens have been in 
the rich mountain coves of the Smokies, where I saw trees 
upward of 100° high, with straight boles 3° in diameter! 
The bark is used, and the nut yields a fine desicating oil, used 
by artists in oil paintings. 
Carya alba, Nutt. Shellbark Hickory. Large tree, 70-100° 
high, giving very valuable timber. Bark of trunk shaggy, 
exfoliating in rough strips or plates; bud-scale3 becoming 
