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PLANT MORPHOLOGY. 
The form of the calyx and corolla is quite char- 
acteristic for a number of important families. In the 
Compositse there are, as has already been pointed out, 
two characteristic forms of corolla, namely, the tubular 
in the disk flowers and the ligulate in the ray flowers; 
in the Papilionacese the corolla, from its fancied re- 
semblance to a butterfly, is described as papilionaceous ; 
in the Labiatse the petals are united into two lip-like 
developments, and the corolla is said to be bilabiate. 
There are two kinds of bilabiate corollas — one, as in 
lavender, where the mouth of the tube is open, and 
known as ringent; and another, where the mouth is 
closed, as in Linaria, and called personate. 
There are a number of other special forms of calyx 
and corolla, particularly the latter, and of these may be 
mentioned the following: a corolla, like that of the 
harebell, which is more or less bell-shaped, is termed 
campanulate ; a more or less campanulate corolla con- 
tracted near the opening, as in Gaultheria, is spoken of 
as urceolate or urn-shaped ; in the morning glory and 
other Convolvulaceae the corolla is said to be infundi- 
buliform or funnel-shaped ; a corolla, in which the 
limb spreads abruptly from the tube, as in Phlox, is 
termed hypocrateriform or salver-shaped ; a corolla with 
a short tube and an outspreading limb, as in potato, is 
said to be rotate or wheel-shaped ; a rotate corolla with 
the margin more or less upturned is called crateriform 
or saucer-shaped ; in aconite the upper petal is hood 
or helmet-shaped, the corolla being spoken of as galeate ; 
in the violets one of the petals has a spurred append- 
age and the corolla is described as saccate or calcarate, 
and the modified petal in the orchids is known as a 
labellum. 
Duration of Calyx and Corolla. — There is considerable 
difference in the length of time that the calyx and co- 
