82 
PLANT MORPHOLOGY. 
of the Orchidaceae the stamens are borne upon the 
pistil and are said to be gynandrous. 
The Anther is the essential part of the stamen and 
consists of two lobes, each of which is composed of two 
divisions or sacs. These sacs contain the pollen which 
is discharged either through a longitudinal suture or 
line of dehiscence, or through an opening at the tip. 
The anthers may be variously attached to the fila- 
ment: when they face toward the axis of the flower 
they are said to be introrse, as in the Violaceae and when 
they face toward the perianth they are said to be ex- 
trorse, as in the Magnoliacese ; when they lie horizon- 
tally on the tip of the filament, so that they swing as 
on a pivot, as in the tiger lily, they are said to be ver- 
satile; when they adhere longitudinally to the sides of 
the filament and the dehiscence is marginal, they are 
said to be innate ; when they adhere longitudinally to 
the filament and the latter extends slightly beyond 
them, they are said to be adnate, in which case they 
may be extrorse or introrse. In some of the Labiatse the 
lobes of the anther are united at the apex of the fila- 
ment, but diverge from the point of attachment and are 
said to be connate, coherent or Confluent. 
The Connective is that portion of the filament to 
which the lobes of the anther are attached or which con- 
nects them ; usually, it is not very prominent; but in 
some of tbe Labiatae, as in Salvia, it is rather broad ; 
in some of the Malvaceae it is entirely wanting, the two 
lobes being confluent ; in other cases it may be ex- 
tended beyond the lobes of the anther, as in species of 
Asarum. 
Appendages of Anther. — In certain instances the an- 
thers are append aged : in the violets there is a trian- 
gular growth at the apex ; in the oleander the apex is 
plumose ; in Polycodium alamineum there are two awn-like 
