THE FRUIT. 
95 
A Syconium consists of a succulent hollow receptacle, 
which incloses a number of achene-like products. 
An Utricle is an inferior achene with a thin and loose 
pericarp, as in chenopodium. 
CLASSIFICATION OF FRUITS. 
More or less artificial classifications of fruits have 
been made. They may be grouped either according 
to structure or according to their manner of protection 
or dispersal, the following classification being based 
on the structure : 
I.— From a Number of Flowers. II.— From a Single Flower. 
V V 
Galbalus. A. With Two or More Pistils. B. With a Single Pistil. 
Strobile or Cone. I " ~ I | | 
Sorosis. I | V V 
Syconium. V V (a) Indehiscent. (b) Dehiscent. 
(a) Indehiscent. (b) Dehiscent. V V 
i ; ~ All Fleshy. All Dry. 
; I v Follicle. 
V V All Dry. Drupe. Legume. 
Dry. Fleshy. 
Achene. Berry. Capsule. 
Caryopsis. Drupe. Follicle. 
Cremoearp. Etserio. 
Nut. Hesperidium. 
Samara. Pepo. 
Utricle. Pome. 
INNER MORPHOLOGY OF FRUITS. 
The inner structure of fruits is quite variable and it 
is difficult to treat of this in a general way. In the 
simplest fruits there are three distinct layers, as in the 
capsule of cardamom, in which there is an outer epi- 
dermis of isodiametric or polygonal cells, an inner 
epidermis of more or less obliterated and elongated 
cells, between which is a thin-walled parenchyma 
traversed by a number of fibrovascular bundles. 
In some cases the outer epidermis contains numer- 
ous stomata, as in poppy capsules, or is developed 
into hairs and other outgrowths or appendages, as in 
anise, arnica, rlius glabra and raspberry. 
The inner epidermis may also contain stomata, as in 
