102 
PHARMA C00N08Y. 
export rather than to the habitat of the plant yielding 
the chug as, for example, Para sarsaparilla, which is 
obtained from a plant growing in the upper Amazon 
region, is shipped to Para from whence it is exported. 
Plant Names. — Prior to the time of Linne the names 
of both plants and animals were made up of many 
words; since his time two or, at the most, three words, 
in conjunction with the name of the author, constitute 
the scientific name. The first in order is the Get eric 
name, or name of the genus; the second is the Specific 
name, or name of the species, and the third is the 
Varietal name, or name of the variety, and is fre- 
quently used in connection with the abbreviation var., 
the name of the author following this as well as the 
specific name. 
As illustrating these the following examples may be 
given : 
Generic Specific Author’s Varietal Author’s 
Name. Name. Name. Name. Name. 
Gentiana lutea 
Mentha piperita 
Mentha piperita 
Linn6 
Linn6 
Linn6 var. piperaseens Malinvaud 
It is thus seen that varieties, providing they exist, 
are included under species, species make up genera, 
genera are grouped into families and fam lies consti- 
tute natural orders, these in turn being united to form 
still more general classes as series, sub-classes, and sub- 
kingdoms. 
The official or pharmacopceial titles of vegetable drugs 
are derived from either the generic name of the plant 
(as gelsemium) or the specific name (as ipecacuanha), 
or they may include both the generic and specific 
names (as viburnum prunifolium), or they may be 
derived from other sources (as opium and sarsaparilla). 
In addition to the botanical names of plants and 
