ROOTS AND RHIZOMES. 
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a. Roots nearly entire. 
Tuber-like Jalapa 
Lnng, thin and of a reddish color Krameria 
Fusiform, very acrid Pyrethrum 
Keeled, crown knotty Senega 
Fusiform, small, yellowish central wood . Taraxacum 
b. Roots cut into transverse pieces. 
Yellowish-green disks Calumba 
Concentric fihrovascular bundles Pareira 
Bark soft, spongy and finely fibrous .... Stil 1 ingia 
Very light in weight, wood large with fibers 
interlacing Sumbul 
c. Roots cut into longitudinal pieces. 
Characteristic odor and taste . . . Belladonnae Radix 
Horny, tough, internally light brown Lappa 
Ribbon-like slices, very fibrous Phytolacca 
d. Roots more or less broken into pieces. 
Bark transversely fissured and easily sepa- 
rable from the wood Apocynum 
Somewhat tortuous, bark irregularly an- 
nulate and sometimes transversely fis- 
sured Ipecacuanha 
II. Rhizomes that are Root-like. 
A. Periderm removed. 
Yellowish, fibrons, taste sweetish, Glycyrrhiza (Russian) 
Reddish brown, heavy, granular Rheum 
B. Periderm present. 
Tuber-like Aconitum 
Cylindrical, stem-like, fracture tough, wiry . Gelsemium 
Annulate above, odor characteristic . . . . Gentiana 
Fibrous, taste sweetish .... Glycyrrhiza (Spanish) 
III. True Rhizomes. 
1. Monocotyledons. 
A. Periderm removed Zingiber 
B. Periderm present. 
а. Rhizome and roots. 
a Horizontal in growth. 
Light brown, few roots Convallaria 
Dark brown with densely matted roots, Cypripedium 
Grass-like, hollow Triticum 
/3 Rhizome upright Veratrum Viride 
б. Rhizome without roots Calamus 
