ROOTS AND RHIZOMES. 
137 
to8um are also sometimes found in the drug ; these are 
more woody, possess a distinct pith and are marked 
externally by the apothecia of lichens. 
STILLINGIA (Queen’s Root). 
The root of Stillingia sylvatica (Fam. Euphorbiacese), 
a perennial herb indigenous to the Southern United 
States. The root is collected in August; it is deprived 
of its rootlets, cut into transverse pieces and carefully 
dried. 
Description. — Cylindrical, tapering, and slightly 
branched; usually cut into pieces 2 to 10 cm. long, 5 
to 30 mm. in diameter; externally dark brown, longi- 
tudinally wrinkled, rootlets or rootlet scars few; frac- 
ture of bark fibrous ; internally, bark light reddish 
brown, 0 - 5 to 4 mm. thick, soft, spongy, with numerous 
resin cells and easily separable from the porous radiate 
wood; odor faint; taste bitter, acrid and pungent. 
Constituents. — A volatile oil with the odor and taste 
of the root; an acrid resin sylvacrol; starch; calcium 
oxalate; ash about 5 per cent.; tannin and probably a 
glucoside. 
SUMBUL. 
The rhizome and root of Ferula Sumbul (Fam. Um- 
belliferie), a perennial herb indigenous to Turkestan. 
The drug is exported by way of St. Petersburg. 
Description. — In cylindrical, sometimes branched, 
transverse segments, 3 to 10 cm. long and P5 to 7 cm. 
in diameter, very light ; externally light to dark 
brown, distinctly annulate, periderm easily separ- 
able; the upper part of the rhizome with occasional 
circular scars and leaf-remnants consisting of stout 
fibers of fibrovascular tissue; fracture short, fibrous 
but irregular ; internally light yellow, resinous, spongy, 
