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PHARMACOGNOSY. 
Description. — About 15 mm. long, 3 to 6 mm. in 
diameter, more or less cylindrical, dark brown, calyx 
united with the ovary, with four incurved teeth about 
3 mm. long, surmounted by a light- brown globular 
head consisting of four petals which are imbricated, 
punctate and alternate with the calyx teeth ; stamens 
numerous, crowded and incurved, style one, ovary two- 
celled, with numerous ovules; odor and taste strongly 
aromatic. 
Constituents. — The chief constituent is the volatile 
oil, which occurs to the extent of 15 to 20 per cent., 
and consists of caryophyllene and eugenol, the latter 
constituting 80 90 per cent, of the oil ; cloves also 
contain an odorless, tasteless and crystalline principle 
caryophyllin ; vanillin ; eugenin (isomeric with eugenol 
or eugenic acid) which resembles caryophyllin but 
becomes reddish with nitric acid ; gallo-tannic acid ; 
calcium oxalate, and 5 to 7 per cent, of ash. 
Clove stalks are less aromatic and yield from 4 to 7 
per cent, of volatile oil. The so-called mother of cloves 
is the nearly ripe fruit of Jambosa Caryophyllus ; the 
fruit is an ovoid brownish berry about 25 cm. long; 
it is less aromatic than cloves and contains starch. 
SANTONICA (Levant Wormseetl). 
The flower-heads of Artemisia Cina (Fam. Composite), 
a small shrub indigenous to the deserts in Northern 
Turkestan. The flower-heads are collected in July 
and August before they expand, and carefully dried 
and preserved. 
Description. — Oblong or ellipsoidal, 2 to 4 mm. 
long, 1 to 1'5 min. in diameter; involucre ovoid, consist- 
ing of tw'elve to eighteen closely imbricated ovate or 
ovate-lanceolate, glandular, somewhat shiny bracts, 
about 2 mm. long, with a yellowish green or greenish 
