184 
PHARMACOGNOSY. 
ANTHE>IIS (Roman or English Chamomile). 
The expanded flower-heads of A nthemis nobilis (Fam. 
Compositse), a perennial herh indigenous to Southern 
and Western Europe and cultivated in Belgium, Eng- 
land, France, Germany, Hungary and the United 
States, and naturalized from Rhode Island west to 
Michigan and south to Delaware. The flowers are col 
lected from cultivated plants, and dried by artificial 
means, the principal supplies coming from Belgium, 
France and Saxon y. 
Description. — Globular, compressed, T5 to 2 cm. in 
diameter ; involucre hemispherical, with two or three 
rows of imbricated, nearly equal, somewhat ellipti- 
cal, very pubescent scales, having a greenish middle 
portion and a yellowish margin; receptacle conical or 
convex, solid, 3 to 4 mm. high, occasionally hollow, 
and sometimes containing the larvae of an insect; chaff- 
scales resembling the involucral scales, about 2 mm. 
long; ligulate flowers numerous, 6 to 10 mm. long, 
corolla white, three-toothed, four nerved, ovary about 
1 mm. long, glandular, style slender, stigma hi-cleft; 
tubular flowers few or none, lemon-yellow, perfect; 
achene oblong, pappus none; odor distinct; taste aro- 
matic and bitter. 
Constituents. — Volatile oil , which is bluish-green 
when fresh, about 1 percent.; a bitter crystalline prin- 
ciple anthemic acid ; resin and tannin. 
CALENDULA (Marigold). 
The ligulate florets of Calendula officinalis (Fam. 
Compositse), an annual herb indigenous to Southern 
Europe and the Levant, and widely cultivated as a 
garden plant. The flowers are collected when fully 
expanded and dried. 
Description. — Florets usually without the ovary; 
