190 
PHARMA COONOSY. 
Russia, India, Japan, etc. The fruit is collected when 
ripe and dried. That obtained from plants cultivated 
in Germany (Saxony and Thuringia), Galicia and 
Russia is preferred. 
Description. — Mericarps usually separated ; cremo- 
carp oblong or nearly cylindrical, straight, 4‘5 to 8 
mm. long, 2 to 3 mm. in diameter, externally yellowish- 
green, apex with a somewhat depressed disk, and a 
conical stylopodium about 0'5 mm. long, each meri- 
carp with five prominent, yellowish, slightly winged 
primary ribs, internally somewhat greenish brown, 
with a slender carpophore attached to each mericarp, 
the latter unequally five-angled in cross section, the 
commissural surface slightly grooved and with two 
vittse, dorsal surface with a single vitta between each 
of the primary ribs; seed irregularly plano-convex, 
with a small embryo at the upper end of the reserve 
layers ; odor and taste aromatic. 
Constituents. — Volatile oil 2 to 5 per cent., con- 
taining about 20 per cent, of fenclione which gives the 
fruit its characteristic odor and taste; fixed oil about 
12 per cent.; calcium oxalate, and about 7 per cent, of 
ash. 
The sweet or Roman fennel, obtained from plants 
cultivated in Southern France, has longer and some- 
what curved mericarps, and yields about 2 per cent, of 
oil which does not contain fenchone. 
CARUM (Caraway). 
The fruit of Carum Carvi (Fam. Umbelliferse), a bien- 
nial herb indigenous to Europe and Asia, and culti- 
vated in England, Germany, Holland, Norway, Russia, 
Sweden and the United States, being naturalized in 
the Northern United States and parts of Canada. The 
plants are cut when the fruits are ripe, the latter being 
