FRUITS. 
195 
America and Venezuela, where it is also cultivated, 
especially in Jamaica. The panicles are collected 
when the fruit is full grown but still green, and dried 
in the sun, the fruit being subsequently separated. 
Description. — Drupe dry, inferior, subglobular, 
5 to 7 mm. in diameter; externally dark brown, gland- 
ular-punctate; apex with four minute calyx teeth or 
forming a minute ring and surrounding the remnants 
of the somewhat depressed style ; base with scar of 
pedicel or occasionally with a pedicel 4 to 6 mm. 
long ; pericarp about 1 mm. thick ; internally light 
brown, two-celled, two-seeded, dissepiments thin; seeds 
campylotropous, plano-convex, slightly reniform, 
about 4 mm. long and about 3 mm. thick, externally 
reddish-brown, smooth, somewhat wrinkled, shiny, 
internally dark brown, reserve layer wanting, embryo 
curved ; odor and taste aromatic. 
Constituents. — Volatile oil (3 to 4 per cent.) consist- 
ing of about 60 per cent, of eugenol; resin; an acrid 
fixed oil about 6 per cent.; tannin; starch; calcium 
oxalate; ash about 4 per cent. 
CAPSICUM (Cayenne Pepper, African Pepper). 
The dried ripe fruit of one or more species of Capsi- 
cum , probably Capsicum fastigiatum Blume, Capsicum 
frutescens Linne, and Capsicum minimum Roxburgh 
(Fam. Solanacese), shrubs indigenous to Southern 
India, and extensively cultivated in Tropical Africa 
and America, and Japan. The commercial supplies 
are obtained from cultivated plants in Natal, Sierra 
Leone, Zanzibar and Japan. 
Description. — Oblong, conical, laterally compressed, 
T5 to 4 cm. long, 6 to 10 mm. in diameter, with an in- 
conspicuous five-toothed calyx and sometimes a slender 
straight pedicel about 15 mm. long; externally yel- 
