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PHARMA COGNOS Y. 
East Indian Tamarind. — In blackish cakes, containing 
less sugar and more acid. 
Constituents. — Tartaric acid 5 to 9 per cent. ; citric 
acid 3 to 6 per cent. ; potassium bitartrate about 5 per 
cent., and other salts of organic acids; sugar; tannin 
(in the seed-coats). 
JLUPULINUM (Lupuliii). 
A powder separated from Hops (see Humulus), and 
consisting chiefly of the glandular hairs. Lupulin 
may be systematically separated from the hops, or it 
may be obtained as a by-product during the handling 
of the hops. Commercial lupulin consists for the most 
part of sweepings collected wdiere hops are prepared for 
the market, the extraneous matter being removed 
by sifting and washing. The powder is then carefully 
dried and preserved. 
Description. — Granular, yellowish or reddish brown, 
consisting of secretion hairs with a somewhat globular 
or ellipsoidal, bright-yellow, multicellular head 0T to 
0'3 mm. in diameter; odor aromatic; taste aromatic 
and bitter. 
Not less than 60 per cent, of lupulin should be sol- 
uble in ether, and the ash should not be more than 10 
per cent. 
Constituents. — A volatile oil, identical with that of 
hops, about 3 per cent. ; a crystalline bitter principle 
lupamaric acid ; resin ; a volatile, liquid alkaloid 
choline ; volatile acids, and ash from 3 to 5 per cent. 
VI. LEAVES AND HERBS. 
Some of the most valuable and potent vegetable 
drugs are those furnished by leaves and herbs. In 
quite a number of instances the leaves alon eare col- 
lected; not infrequently, as with herbaceous plants, the 
