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PHARMACOGNOSY. 
Constituents. — Several alkaloids, including cocaine, 
cinnamyl-cocaine, and truxilline ; of these cocaine is 
the most important, the Bolivian leaves containing the 
greatest amount, or 0'5 to 1 per cent. ; the other alka- 
loids preponderate in the Peruvian leaves ; the Java 
leaves also contain benzoyl-pseudotropeine ; in addi- 
tion, coca leaves contain tannin and calcium oxalate. 
SENNA (Senna Leaves.) 
The leaflets of various species of Cassia (Fam. Legu- 
minosse), small shrubs indigenous to Upper Egypt and 
Southern Arabia. There are two important commer- 
cial varieties: (1) Alexandrian Senna, derived from 
wild plants of Cassia acutifolia, and exported by way of 
Alexandria and Red Sea ports ; (2) Indian or Tinni- 
velly Senna, derived from cultivated plants of Cassia 
angustifolia, growing in Southern India, particularly 
the district of Tinnivelly. The leaves are carefully 
collected and dried, the Tinnivelly variety being more 
largely used, although the Alexandrian is more highly 
esteemed. 
Description. — Alexandrian Senna. — Lanceolate or 
ovate-lanceolate ; T5 to 3 cm. long, 5 to 8 mm. broad ; 
apex acute, mucronate ; base unequal, acute ; margin 
entire ; upper surface pale green, nearly glabrous, 
midrib sometimes depressed, veins of first order more 
or less prominent ; under surface light grayish green, 
midrib prominent, minutely pubescent, especially 
near the veins ; petiolule about 1 mm. long; texture 
coriaceous, fibrous; odor slight; taste somewhat 
bitter. 
Tinnivelly Senna. — From 2-5 to 5 cm. long, upper sur- 
face light green, lower surface slightly pubescent. 
Constituents. — An amorphous glucoside cathartic 
acid ; chrysophanic acid ; an emodin resembling that 
