EXUDATIONS, JUICES , ETC. 
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shiny ; oder and taste terebinthinate. One part dis- 
solved in 5 parts of alcohol gives a clear solution 
having an acid reaction. 
Constituents. — Turpentine consists of resin 70 to 
80 per cent, and volatile oil 15 to 30 per cent; it also 
contains a bitter principle and various organic acids, 
as pinic, sylvic, etc. 
Allied Plants. — Various other species of Pinus 
yield an oleoresin resembling turpentine, as Pinus Tseda , 
a tree growing in the regions where Pinus palustris is 
found ; the yield of oleoresin from this tree is less 
profitable however. Pinus sylvestris, or Scotch fir, which 
is indigenous to the mountains of Europe and Asia 
and extensively cultivated in this country, is the source 
of much of the turpentine used in Europe. 
Bordeaux turpentine is a product resembling Ameri- 
can turpentine, and is obtained from Pinus maritima 
and other species of Pinus growing in Southern France, 
the resin consisting chiefly, however, of the anhydride 
of pimaric acid. 
PIX L1QUIDA (Tar). 
A product obtained by the destructive distillation of 
the wood of Pinus palustris and other species of Pinus 
(Fam. Pinaceaj), evergreen trees indigenous to the 
Southern United States, particularly near the Atlantic 
Coast and the Gulf of Mexico. Tar is obtained by 
distillation of the wood without access of air, the tarry 
liquid being collected from below. 
Description. — Semi-fluid, viscid, blackish brown, 
non-crystalline, transparent in thin layers, becoming 
granular or crystalline and opaque with age ; odor 
peculiar, aromatic, taste pungent. Tar is soluble in 
alcohol, fixed or volatile oils, and solution of potas- 
sium or sodium hydrate; it is heavier than water and 
