284 
PHARMA CO GNOS Y. 
I. FRAGMENTS OF VEGETABLE TISSUES 
PRESENT. 
A. CONTAINING STARCH. 
a. Calcium Oxalate Present, 
a IN ROSETTE-SHAPED CRYSTALS. 
35. Frangula. — (See No. 41). 
36. Galla (Aleppo). — Dark-yellow crystals 10 ^ ; starch 
grains 10 n in diameter, single or sometimes in groups ; 
stone cells ; tannin ; crystals of gallic acid. Chinese 
or Japanese galls, grayish green ; crystals few, about 20 
H in diameter; starch grains about 40 n in diameter; 
non-secretion hairs ; milk vessels accompanying ducts ; 
mounts in glycerin show acicular crystals of gallic acid. 
37. Jalapa. — Dark yellow; crystals of calcium oxalate 
rosette-shaped, 30 to 35 ;j. in diameter ; starch grains 
ellipsoidal and ovoid, with somewhat excentral lamel 
lse, 15 to 35 ^ in diameter, one to three-compound and 
in some cases more or less swollen ; secretion cells 
yellowish brown ; sclerenchymatous fibers few, with 
simple pores. 
38. Rheum. — Yellowish brown; crystals of calcium 
oxalate rosette-shaped, 50 to 100 in diameter ; starch 
grains somewhat spherical, 5 to 20 ,u in diameter, 
either single or two to four-compound; ducts few, 
scalariform. 
/J IN MONOCLINIC PRISMS. 
39. Calumba. — (See No. 48.) 
40. Curcuma. — Bright yellow; crystals few, 2 to 4 //. 
in diameter ; altered starch grains (test with iodine) 
in irregular masses from 100 to 140 in diameter, 
having the shape of the cell in which they occur; 
bright-yellow oil-secretion cells; pigment dissolved out 
by use of solutions of chloral or chloral-glycerin, as well 
as when essential oils are employed ; characteristic 
