POWDERED DRUGS. 
285 
color-reaction by treatment with sulphuric acid, or 
with boric acid and hydrochloric acid, and subsequent 
evaporation with ammonia water. 
41. Frangula. — Yellowish brown; bast fibers ligni- 
fied, much thickened, with numerous pores ; crystal 
fibers containing small monoclinic prisms of calcium 
oxalate; calcium oxalate also in rosette shaped crystals 
or monoclinic prisms, 5 to 20 ji in diameter; starch 
grains nearly spherical, about 4 ^ in diameter, not 
numerous ; parenchymatous cells with yellowish con- 
tents colored red by alkalies. 
42. Gelsemium. — Dark yellow; ducts with simple 
pores; sclerenchymatous fibers long, narrow, lignified; 
starch grains spherical, from 4 to 8 ^ in diameter; 
calcium oxalate in monoclinic prisms 15 to 30 ju. in 
diameter. In the powder of the overground stem 
collenchymatous cells containing chloroplastids occur. 
43. Quassia. — Light yellow ; ducts large, with bor- 
dered pores ; sclerenchymatous fibers long, thin-walled 
and with oblique pores ; medullary rays with calcium 
oxalate in monoclinic prisms or in cryptocrystalline 
crystals, or with few spherical starch grains. When 
bark of the wood is present a few stone cells and cork 
cells are also present; in the bark of Surinam Quassia 
stone cells are numerous. 
7 IN CRYSTAL FIBERS. 
44. Glycyrrhiza (Spanish). — Bright yellow; scleren- 
chymatous fibers numerous; crystal fibers containing 
monoclinic prisms of calcium oxalate; starch grains 
somewhat spherical, 2 to 20 jjl in diameter. Russian 
licorice is of a bright-yellow color and contains few or 
no fragments of cork. 
5 IN RAPHIDES. 
45. Ipecacuanha. — Dark yellow; tracheids with sim- 
ple oblique or bordered pores, sometimes containing 
