POWDERED DRUGS. 
295 
compound. In Savanilla rhatany the sclerenchymat- 
ous fibers are 0‘5 to 0'8 mm. long and 10 to 40 p wide. 
An alcoholic extract of Peruvian Rhatany gives 
with alcoholic lead acetate a reddish-brown precipitate 
and a light-brown filtrate. The tincture of Savanilla 
Rhatany gives a purplish precipitate and a colorless 
filtrate with this reagent. 
93a. Rhamnus Purshiana.— (See No. 94.) 
y CRYSTAL FIBERS PRESENT. 
1. SCLERENCHYMATOUS FIBERS STRONGLY 
LIGNIFIED. 
* COLORED REDDISH WITH ALKALIES. 
93b. Frangula — (See No. 41). 
94. Rhamnus Purshiana.— Light brown; bast fibers 
long, much thickened, lignified ; stone cells very thick- 
walled, about 50 p in diameter ; crystal fibers containing 
monoclinic crystals of calcium oxalate; calcium oxa- 
late also in rosette -shaped crystals or monoclinic 
prisms 5 to 20 p in diameter ; starch grains spherical, 
about 4 p in diameter ; parenchymatous cells with yel- 
lowish contents colored red with alkalies. 
** NOT COLORED REDDISH WITH ALKALIES. 
95. Quercus Alba. — (See No. 144). 
96. Prunus Virginiana. — Light brown ; bast fibers and 
stone cells much thickened and strongly lignified ; 
crystal fibers containing monoclinic prisms and ro- 
sette-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate 20 to 30 p in 
diameter; starch grains nearly spherical, 3 to 4 p in 
diameter. 
2. SCLERENCHYMATOUS FIBERS NOT STRONGLY 
LIGNIFIED. 
97. Calamus. — Light brown ; ducts spiral, scalariforin 
or reticulate ; sclerenchymatous fibers slightly lignified, 
with oblique simple pores ; starch grains nearly spher- 
ical, 4 to 8 p in diameter ; crystal fibers containing 
monoclinic crystals of calcium oxalate ; oil-secretion 
