PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
57 
12. Acer negunda californicum T. and G. Box elder. Aceracece. 
A common native. Medicinal use doubtful. 
13. Acer saccharinum Wang. Sugar maple. Aceracece. 
Yields maple sugar. According to Weschke this tree contains an 
alkaloid. (Contrib. Dept. Pharm., Univ. Wisconsin, 1886.) 
14. Achillea millefolium L. Yarrow. Milfoil. Composite. 
A well-known old-time medicinal herb, common everywhere. Yields 
oil. Has an extensive popular medicinal use among Indians and set- 
tlers. Tea is used in consumption, stomach-ache, headache ; a lotion is 
used for sprains, etc. Enjoys an excellent reputation in the treatment 
of neuralgia, toothache, sore gums, and stomach troubles. (Contrib. 
U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: III, 391.) 
15. Achras sapota L. Nase berry. Sapodilla. Sapotacece. 
Native of West India, cultivated in southern California. Fruit 
edible. Seeds contain a glucoide (sapotin). Yields “chicle” a base 
for chewing gum. (Nat. Dist.) 
16. Achyrachaena mollis Shauer. Composites. 
Indians of California use the seeds for pinole (parched, ground and 
mixed with water). (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : III, 392.) 
17. Aconitum species. Monk’s-hood. Ranunculacece. 
The native species are no doubt all poisonous and require further 
study chemically. (Calif. Geod. Survey. Bot. 1:12.) 
18. Aconitum columbianum Nutt. Aconite. Friar’s cap. Blue- 
weed. Monk’s-hood. Ranunculacece. 
A native found in the Sierras and northern coast ranges, and along 
brooks of Oregon, Washington, California, Montana, Wyoming, Colo- 
rado, and South Dakota in moist, open woods. This is the most import- 
ant of the native species. All parts of the plant are poisonous, seeds 
and roots most. The poisonous principle of this plant is, no doubt, 
closely related to that of A. napellus L. It requires further careful 
study. The roots have been mistaken for horseradish and the leaves 
for those of parsley. Many human beings and many heads of cattle 
have been poisoned by it. Treatment as for aconite poisoning. 
19. Aconitum fisheri Reich ’b. Aconite. Ranunculacece. 
This European species is by some authorities believed to be identical 
with A. columbianum. This is a controversy of considerable import- 
ance. A. fisheri is said to be used as an adulterant of the official 
A. napellus. 
20. Aconitum napellus L. Aconite. Wolf’s-bane. Monk’s-hood. 
Ranunculacece. 
A well known, very important medicinal plant of which garden 
