PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
59 
28. Adiantum pedatum L. Maiden hair fern. Polypodiacece. 
Used in chronic catarrh and lung trouble. Stems used by Indians 
in basket and hat making. A. nigrum is similarly used. 
29. jEscuIus californica Nutt. California buckeye. Horse chest- 
nut. Sapindacece. 
A native ornamental tree of coast ranges of middle California. The 
bark is used to cure toothache and other aches. The fresh, unripe 
fruit is used by Indians to poison fish. The ripe fruit, raw or cooked, 
is eaten by Indians, fed to squirrels and given to horses to remove 
bots. Bark is said to produce abortion in cows. The mistletoe grow- 
ing on this tree is also said to produce abortion. Requires further care- 
ful study as to chemistry of constituents and physiological action. 
(Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 (No. Ill) , 366.) (Calif. Geol. Survey, Bot. 
1: 106.) 
30. jEscuIus glabra L. Ohio buckeye. Sapindacece. 
A well-known tree, which is cultivated in many parts of the United 
States. Poisonous in over-doses, producing symptoms like those by 
corn cockle (Agrostemma githago). The fruit yields abundant starch. 
Roots and fruit used as a substitute for soap, due to the saponin 
present. Said to be useful in portal congestion. 
31. ZEsculus hippocastanum L. Horse chestnut. Sapindacece. 
A well-known ornamental tree which is grown in nearly all parts of 
the United States. The bark and nuts are used as snuff and in the 
preparation of a wash for ulcers. In England the fruit is fed to 
cattle. (Am. Journ. Pharm., 44:400.) 
32. -ffisculus pavia L. Red buckeye. Sapindacece. 
A native of the eastern and southern United States, but can be cul- 
tivated almost anywhere. The active constituent of this plant is sup- 
posed to be nearly identical with that of the corn cockle. It is espe- 
cially abundant in the young shoots and in the seed. Used to poison 
fish. It is also reputed to be a useful convulsant. (E. E. Batchelor. 
Am. Journ. Pharm., 45:144.) 
33. Agaricus campestris L. Toadstool. Mushroom. Agaricacece 
(Fungi). 
Edible. At first refused by Indians until taught by whites. Re- 
ported to be poisonous. 
34. Agathis australis Salisb. Kauri gum pine. Australian or New 
Zealand pine. Dammara. Coniferce. 
An ornamental tree, native of Australia and New Zealand, recently 
extensively introduced into California, where it does well. The gum 
(dammar resin) exudes from the roots in New Zealand and the old 
