68 
PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
92. Apocynum androsaemifolium var. pumilum Gray. Dog bane. 
Indian hemp. Apocynacece. 
Native of California. Properties similar to those of 93. 
93. Apocynum cannabinum L. Canadian or Indian hemp. Apocy- 
nacece. 
A common plant of which the bark fiber is much used by the Indians 
in weaving all manner of cordage and cloth fabrics. Native in Cali- 
fornia. More or less poisonous. Well known medicinally. (See Dis- 
pensatories.) 
94. Apocynum vestitum Greene. Indian hemp. Apocynacece. 
This plant is closely allied to A. cannabinum and has no doubt sim- 
ilar properties. 
95. Aquilegia vulgaris L. Columbine. Banunculacece. 
A cultivated plant from Europe. The seeds contain an alkaloid 
(Aquilegine). The extract of the plant produces symptoms similar 
to those by aconite. Though not much used now, it was at one time 
considered diuretic and diaphoretic. 
96. Aquilegia truncata F. and M. Columbine. Ranunculacece. 
Quite common. Seeds perhaps contain an alkaloid like that of A. 
vulgaris (aquilegine). 
The ripe seeds are taken internally in biliousness. Properties no 
doubt similar to those of A. vulgaris (diuretic and diaphoretic). 
97. Arachis hypogaea L. Peanuts. Leguminosce. 
Extensively cultivated in the State. Yield oil and fat used for culi- 
nary and other purposes. Eaten roasted as food and used as a sub- 
stitute for coffee. (Proc. A. Ph. A. (Abstract) 22: 151, 1874.) 
98. Aralia californica Wats. Ginseng. California spikenard. 
Araliacece. 
A decoction of the dried roots highly valued in diseases of the lungs 
and stomach, and for colds and fevers. A. spinosa as well as other 
species thrive in the State. (Calif. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1:273.) (Con- 
trib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : (No. Ill) 371.) (Am. Journ. Pharm. 489-492. 
1898.) 
99. Aralia quinquefolia Decne. (See Panax quinquefolium.) 
American Ginseng. Araliacece. (See paper by Geo. Y. Nash, No. 253.) 
100. Aralia spinosa L. Papilionacece. 
Cultivated. Properties no doubt similar to those of A. californica 
Wats. 
101. Aragallus species. Papilionacece. 
These require further study, both as to active constituents and as to 
