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PIIARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
477. Ledum glandulosum Ait. Labrador tea. Ericacece. 
Leaves used for killing vermin on cattle and to drive fleas from 
country houses. Resembles L. palustre. 
478. Ledum latifolium Ait. Labrador tea. Ericacece. 
North American marsh plant. Leaves aromatic and used as a tonic 
in lung troubles. Also used as a substitute for tea. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 
26: 221, 1878.) 
479. Ledum palustre L. Marsh tea. Ericacece. 
Everygreen marsh plant. The leaves are balsamic, aromatic, bitter, 
used in dysentery, leprosy, and scabies. They are said to be narcotic 
and diaphoretic. In Germany substituted for hops in beer. (Proc. 
A. Ph. A. 24:140, 1876.) 
480. Citrus limonum L. Lemon. Rutacece. 
Several varieties extensively cultivated in the State. Well-known 
popular fruit. (See State Hort. Reports and special reports on lemon 
culture.) 
481. Leonotis leonurus L. Common motherwort. Labiatce. 
A tropical labiate, extensively cultivated, said to have purgative and 
emmenagogue properties. (Pharm. Journ. Trans., May, 1885.) 
482. Leucrocrinum montanum Nutt. Wild hyacinth. Lmacece. 
A poisonous plant which requires further study as to chemical con- 
stituents and possible therapeutic value. 
483. Lewisia rediviva Pursh. Bitter root. Portulacacece. 
Indian food plant. The roots and the white inner bark contain a high 
percentage of starch. Indians store large quantities for winter use. 
The odor of the boiled root recalls that of tobacco, hence the appella- 
tion “tobacco root.” (Calif. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1:78.) (Am. Journ. 
Pharm., 1889.) 
484. Libocedrus decurrens Torr. Incense cedar. Coniferce. 
Found in the California coast ranges. Resin very fragrant. The 
volatile oil, which is found in all parts of the tree, has the odor of 
incense. The leafy sprigs are used by the Indians in preparing their 
acorn meal, serving the purpose of a filter and to impart the incense 
flavor. A decoction of the leaves used in stomach troubles. 
485. Lichens. Moss. Tree moss. Lichens. 
Lichens are abundant in the State, especially Usnea barbata (beard 
moss), which was at one time much used in hair tonics and as a remedy 
in brain disease. (See, also, Usnea, Evernia, Cetraria, and Rocella.) 
Species of Sticta are occasionally used in pulmonary complaints. 
Cetraria Islandica (Iceland moss) was formerly official. Lichens are 
