116 
PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
495. Linum usitatissimum L. Flax. Linacecc. 
Extensively cultivated as a fiber plant. Seeds rich in oil, which is 
used for technical and other purposes. Well-known plant. 
496. Lippia citriodora Kunth. Lemon verbena. Sweet verbena. 
Verbenacece. 
This and other species of lemon verbena are extensively cultivated 
as ornamental plants. The deliciously lemon-scented leaves are used 
in sachet powders. They contain tannin, a volatile oil and an aromatic 
substance. The Mexican species (L. mexicana) is used as a demulcent 
and expectorant. 
497. Liquidamber styraciflua L. Alligator tree. Sweet gum. 
II amam elidacece. 
Introduced plant. A gum (storax, styrax, liquidamber) exudes 
from this plant, which is used as an expectorant, diuretic, stimulant; 
externally in ointments and cerates. Used largely in the manufacture 
of gum and as a flavoring agent. (U. S. Disp.) (Proc. A. Ph. A. 23: 
157-162, 1875.) 
498. Liriodendron tulipifera L. Tulip tree. Magnoliacece. 
A large, handsome ornamental tree. The bark is used as a stimulat- 
ing tonic. It has diaphoretic qualities and is used in chronic rheu- 
matism and in dyspepsia. (U. S. Disp.) 
499. Litmus. Lacmus. Lichenes. 
A dye obtained from several species of lichen, largely from Rocella 
tinctoria, found in lower California. 
500. Lolium species. Darnels. Graminece. 
The nature of the poison of the loliums is not well understood. The 
poisonous principle temulin, found in the seed, is supposed to be due 
to the presence of a hyphal fungus. This same fungus is also found 
in other poisonous species of lolium, as L. arvense, L. linicola and L. 
italicum. (Pharm. Journ. Trans. 251, 1899.) 
501 Lolium temulentum L. Darnel. Graminece. 
Naturalized from Europe. Common in California. Well-known 
poisonous plant without reputed medicinal value. The parched seeds 
are eaten by Indians. 
502. Lonicera caprifolium L. Honeysuckle.. Caprifoliacece. 
Well-known ornamental plant found everywhere. The flowers are 
used in the manufacture of perfumery and a syrup prepared from 
them is used in asthma and in lung troubles. The juice is said to 
relieve bee stings. The fruit of all species of Lonicera is emetic and 
cathartic. 
