PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
145 
752. Sabatia species. Centaury. Gentianacece. 
Much used in popular medicine; valued as a tonic and antiperiodic. 
Used as a substitute for quinine in the Southwest. 
753. Saccharum officinarum L. Sugar cane. Graminece. 
This is the sugar cane of the South, and may be grown in portions of 
southern California. It yields sugar and syrup, used in medicine chiefly 
as a vehicle. 
754. Sagittaria latifolia Willd. Common arrowhead. Alismacecc. 
Common in California on river islands and along the river shores of 
the interior. The tubers are highly relished by the Chinese and Indians. 
755. Salicornia ambigua Michx. Pickleweed. Chenipodiacece. 
This and other species yield impure soda on combustion. Pickled and 
eaten in England. Relished by cattle. Used as a pot herb. (U. of C. 
Agr. Exp. Sta. Rep., 1895-97.) 
756. Salix species. Willows. Salicacece. 
There are eight native species. Other species and varieties are being 
introduced. The bark is rich in tannin; used in basket making, etc. 
757. Salix lasiolepis Bentli. Arroyo willow. Salicacece. 
A strong bark decoction is used as a wash for the itch. Given inter- 
nally to cure chills and fever and to cause sweating. The roots and 
leaves are also used medicinally, particularly in fever and ague. 
(Proc. A. Pli. A. 27: 274, 1897.) (U. S. Nat. Herb. 7: 331.) 
758. Salvia species. Sage. Labiates. 
Numerous species and varieties, native and introduced, are found in 
the State. Some are cultivated as ornamental plants, and others as 
garden herbs. The seeds of several native species are eaten. Sage is a 
popular spice and medicinally is much used as a diaphoretic. It has 
astringent properties. (Cycl. Am. Idort.) (U. S. D.) (Proc. A. Pli. A. 
30: 172-174, 1882.) 
759. Salvia columbariae Bentli. Sage. Chia. Labiatce. 
Seeds used by the Indians, in soups, etc. They are rich in mucilage. 
The ancient Mexicans cultivated this plant for the seed, which consti- 
tuted an important article of diet. (Cal. Geol. Surv. Bot. 1 : 599.) The 
seed meal mixed with water forms an excellent emulsion drink in gastro- 
intestinal disorders. The mucilaginous seeds are placed under the 
eyelid to remove foreign particles. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : 384.) 
(U. S. Geog. Surv. Wheeler’s Rep. Bot. 6: 49.) (U. of C. Agr. Exp. 
Sta. Rep., page 358, 1897-98.) 
760. Sambucus canadensis L. Elder. Caprifoliacece. 
A well-known cosmopolitan medicinal plant. Thrives everywhere. 
10 — BF 
