150 
PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
796. Solanum triflorum Nutt. Spreading nightshade. Solanacece. 
A native of the great plains. Poisonous. Requires further study. 
797. Solanum umbelliferum Esch. Solanacece. 
Fruit is mashed, oil expressed and used as an application to pimples. 
Decoction of roots for stomach-ache and bowel complaints. 
798. Solidago californica Nutt. Golden rod. Compositce. 
All Solidago species are credited with diuretic properties. Decoction 
of entire plant, also powder, used to clean old sores. 
The golden rods are peculiar to the United States, and the golden rod 
is the national flower. S. odora Ait. was formerly official in the U. S. 
Pharmacopoeia. This and other species have diuretic and diaphoretic 
properties. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 28 : 146, 1880.) 
799. Sonchus oleraceus L. Sow thistle. Milk thistle. Compositce. 
A common introduced weed. The brown inspissated juice is said to 
be a powerful hydrogogue cathartic. Combined with belladonna and 
aromatics, it is given in the treatment of dropsy. Used as an anti-opium 
remedy by the Chinese of Oakland and San Francisco. Supposed to 
contain a narcotic. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 24 : 141, 1876.) (Pac. Pharm. 
2 : 113, 1908.) 
800. Sorbus ancuparia L. Mountain ash. Eosacece. 
A small tree of Europe, much cultivated as an ornamental plant. 
The fruit contains a saccharine substance, sorbin, which readily under- 
goes alcoholic fermentation. All parts of the tree are highly astrin- 
gent, and may be employed in tanning. Used in the treatment of 
scurvy, ulcers, sores, hemorrhoids, etc. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 30 : 237, 1882.) 
801. Sophora japonica L. Japanese pagoda tree. Leguminosce. 
This, and other species, are cultivated as ornamental trees. Said to 
contain a poisonous volatile alkaloid (sophorine) similar to cytisine. 
802. Spilanthes oleracea L. Paracress. Compositce. 
A native of India, which may be cultivated in the southern portions 
of the State. Used in India as a toothache remedy. 
803. Spiraea species. Hardhacks. Eosacece. 
Familiar shrubs cultivated everywhere. Most of the species contain a 
colorless volatile oil, resembling the oil of gaultheria. The roots contain 
tannic acid, and are used for their astringent properties. The flowers 
possess, in a feeble degree, the properties of salicylic acid. (Cycl. Am. 
Hort. 1699.) 
804. Stachys bullata Benth. Hedge nettle. Labiatce. 
Used as cough medicine. 
