154 
PHARMACAL PLANTS AND THEIR CULTURE. 
829. Triosteum perfoliatum L. Horse gentian. Bastard ipecac. 
Caprifoliacece. 
A native of the United States, which spreads very rapidly and is very 
easily cultivated. It has cathartic and diuretic properties, and in large 
doses is emetic. 
830. Trillium species. Bethroot. Liliacece. 
The roots are very persistently pungent and have decided emetic 
properties. Used medicinally by Indians. 
831. Trillium sessile giganteum. Liliacece. 
The tuberous roots are used medicinally by Indians. A decoction is 
said to have soporific properties. The crushed roots and leaves are used 
as a poultice for boils, etc. (Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 7 : 329.) 
832. Turnera diffusa Willd. Damiana. Turneracece. 
This plant is found in the West Indies, Mexico and California. It 
yields the damiana of the drug market, but its action is considered 
unreliable. (Proc. A. Ph. A. 24 : 185, 1876.) (U. S. D.) 
833. Tussilago farfara L. Coltsfoot. Compositce. 
An introduced plant which spreads very rapidly. The leaves and 
entire plant are used medicinally in lung troubles, coughs and colds. 
Used in scrofula. (Am. Journ. Pharm. 340, 1887.) 
834. Typha latifolia L. Flag tule. Cat tail. Typhacece. 
Indians use roots and base of the stems as food. The down is used 
for bedding. Medicinal uses uncertain. 
835. Ulex europaeus L. Furze. Gorze. Leguminosce. 
A popular European plant, cultivated as an ornamental plant in 
California. The seeds contain an alkaloid (ulexine) which is similar 
to cytisine; used in cardiac dropsy. (U. S. D.) 
836. Ulmus species. Elm. Ulmacece. 
Several native and introduced species occur in the State. They are 
handsome ornamental shade plants. The bark is very rich in mucilage, 
and forms a very popular demulcent medicine. 
837. Umbelliferous plants. 
Members of this group occur in great variety, wild growing as well 
as under cultivation. Among them may be mentioned fennel, caraway, 
cumin, dill, parsley, angelica, conium and others. 
838. Umbellularia californica Nutt. California laurel. Mountain 
laurel. Lauracece. 
A tree common throughout the State. Very variable in size. All 
parts of the plant are highly aromatic. The leaves, which contain a 
volatile oil, are used as a condiment in soups. The seeds also contain oil. 
